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3 years ago

Does potassium nitrate (KN03) incorporate ionic bonding, covalent bonding, or both? Explain.

Chemistry

1 answer:

ladessa [460]3 years ago

4 0

Answer: $KNO_3$ incorporates both ionic bonding and covalent bonding.

Explanation:

A covalent bond is formed when an element shares its valence electron with another element. This bond is formed between two non metals.

An ionic bond is formed when an element completely transfers its valence electron to another element. The element which donates the electron is known as electropositive element and the element which accepts the electrons is known as electronegative element. This bond is formed between a metal and an non-metal.

For formation of a neutral ionic compound, the charges on cation and anion must be balanced. The cation is formed by loss of electrons by metals and anions are formed by gain of electrons by non metals.

Here potassium is having an oxidation state of +1 called as $K^{+}$ cation and nitrate $NO_3^{-}$ is an anion with oxidation state of -1. Thus they combine and their oxidation states are exchanged and written in simplest whole number ratios to give neutral $KNO_3$ . $NO_3^-$ is formed by sharing of electrons between two non metals nitrogen and oxygen.

Thus $KNO_3$ incorporates both ionic bonding and covalent bonding.

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2 years ago

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in Ca?

serg [7]

When an electron occupies an orbital of an atom singly, rather than an electron pair such electron is said to be an unpaired electron. Each atomic orbital of an atom specified by quantum numbers can contain a maximum of two electrons having opposite spins, electron pair.

The numbers of unpaired electrons are determined by the electronic configuration of an atom. The electronic configuration of calcium, $Ca$ is:

$1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}$ or $[Ar]4s^{2}$

Since, from the electronic configuration it is clear that the number of electrons in valence orbital that is $4s$ is 2 that means the electrons are paired up in the valence orbital so, there are no unpaired electrons present in $Ca$ .

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3 years ago

The entire range of electromagnetic wave frequencies is known as ______.

Vilka [71]

The entire range of electromagnetic frequencies is known as C, the electromagnetic spectrum.

Television remote controls (D) do NOT use radio waves (they use infrared radiation).

A material that allows some, but not all, light to pass through it, would be described as translucent (C).

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3 years ago

What energy is required to move from Ca+ to Ca2+ + e−?

nataly862011 [7]

Second Ionization energy is required to move from Ca⁺ to Ca²⁺ + e⁻. Hence, option D is correct.

<h3>What is first ionization energy?</h3>

First ionization energy: The energy needed to remove the outermost, or highest energy, an electron from a neutral atom in the gas phase.

An element's second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost, or least bound, an electron from a 1+ ion of the element. Because positive charge binds electrons more strongly, the second ionization energy of an element is always higher than the first.

Let us write the reaction equation properly:

Ca⁺ → Ca²⁺ + e⁻

In the reaction above, we see that calcium goes from a single charge to being doubly charged by losing an electron.

Different atoms bind their valence electrons with different amounts of energy. We must supply enough energy to remove the most loosely held electrons in an atom. This amount of energy required is called ionization energy.

The first ionization energy removes the outermost electron and makes the atom to become an ion.

Hence, option D is correct.

Learn more about the ionization energy here:

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2 years ago