When it comes to the composition of the Earth, three main types of rock come into play. These are known as metamorphic rock, sedimentary rock, and igneous rock, respectively. Also known as “fire rock” (derived from the Latin “ignus”), these type of rock are the most common type of rock in the Earth’s surface. In fact, combined with metaphoric rock, igneous rock makes up 90 to 95% of all rock to a depth of 16 km from the surface.
Igneous rocks are also very important because their mineral and chemical makeup can be used to learn about the composition, temperature and pressure that exists within the Earth’s mantle. They can also tell us much about the tectonic environment, given that they are closely linked to the convection of tectonic plates. But just how are these rocks formed?
In essence, igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma (or lava). As hot, molten rock rises to the surface, it undergoes changes in temperature and pressure that cause it to cool, solidify, and crystallize. All told, there are over 700 known types of igneous rock, the majority of which are formed beneath the surface of the Earth’s crust. However, some are also formed on the surface as a result of volcanic activity.
Those that fit into the former category are known as intrusive (or plutonic) rocks, while those that fit into the latter are known as extrusive (or volcanic) rock. In addition to these, there is also hypabyssal (or subvolcanic rock), a less common form of igneous rock that is formed within the Earth between plutonic and volcanic rocks. hope that helped
Answer:
The direction of magnetic field produced by a current carrying wire is given by the right hand thumb rule. If the thumb points in the direction of current the fingers curl along the direction of magnetic field.
further, The red end of the compass needle points in the direction of external magnetic field. As the red end of the needle is pointing away from us, the external magnetic field at its location should also be directed away from us. Using the right hand thumb rule, we can see that this is only possible if the current in the wire is flowing upwards.
Explanation:
Answer:
The speed of the cart and clay after the collision is 50 cm/s .
Explanation:
Given :
Mass of lump , m = 500 g = 0.5 kg .
Velocity of lump , v = 30 cm/s .
Mass of cart , M = 1 kg .
Velocity of cart , V = 60 cm/s .
We know by conservation of momentum :
Here , is the speed of the cart and clay after the collision .
Putting all value in above equation .
We get :
Hence , this is the required solution .
Answer:
Explanation:
The <em>half-life </em>of a radioisotope, in this case carbon-14, is the time that a sample requires to reduce its amount to half, and it is a constant for every radioisotope (it does not change with the amount of sample).
Then, the formula for the remaining amount of a radioisotope is:
Where:
- A is the final amount of the element,
- A₀ is the initial amount of the element,
- A/A₀ is ratio of remaining amount to the original amount, and
- n is the number of half-lives elapsed
The number of half-lives for carbon-14 elapsed for the dinosaur fossil is:
- n = 68 million years / 5730 years ≈ 11,867
Then, A / A₀ = (1/2)ⁿ = (1/2)¹¹⁸⁶⁷ ≈ 0.00000 .
The number is too small, and when you round to five decimal places the result is zero. That is why carbon-14 cannot be used to date dinosaur fossils, given that they are too old.
The equation of motion of a particle is given by,
s =
Let velocity of particle is denoted by v.
The velocity of the particle is given by,
velocity (v) =
v =
v =
v =
Thus, Velocity of particle is given by,
v =
Let acceleration of the particle is denoted by a.
The acceleration of particle is given by,
Acceleration =
a =
a =
a = 12t - 16
Thus, acceleration of the particle is given by,
a = 12t - 16