Answer:
In the steel: 815 kPa
In the aluminum: 270 kPa
Explanation:
The steel pipe will have a section of:
A1 = π/4 * (D^2 - d^2)
A1 = π/4 * (0.8^2 - 0.7^2) = 0.1178 m^2
The aluminum core:
A2 = π/4 * d^2
A2 = π/4 * 0.7^2 = 0.3848 m^2
The parts will have a certain stiffness:
k = E * A/l
We don't know their length, so we can consider this as stiffness per unit of length
k = E * A
For the steel pipe:
E = 210 GPa (for steel)
k1 = 210*10^9 * 0.1178 = 2.47*10^10 N
For the aluminum:
E = 70 GPa
k2 = 70*10^9 * 0.3848 = 2.69*10^10 N
Hooke's law:
Δd = f / k
Since we are using stiffness per unit of length we use stretching per unit of length:
ε = f / k
When the force is distributed between both materials will stretch the same length:
f = f1 + f2
f1 / k1 = f2/ k2
Replacing:
f1 = f - f2
(f - f2) / k1 = f2 / k2
f/k1 - f2/k1 = f2/k2
f/k1 = f2 * (1/k2 + 1/k1)
f2 = (f/k1) / (1/k2 + 1/k1)
f2 = (200000/2.47*10^10) / (1/2.69*10^10 + 1/2.47*10^10) = 104000 N = 104 KN
f1 = 200 - 104 = 96 kN
Then we calculate the stresses:
σ1 = f1/A1 = 96000 / 0.1178 = 815000 Pa = 815 kPa
σ2 = f2/A2 = 104000 / 0.3848 = 270000 Pa = 270 kPa
Answer:
Electrons in atoms can act as our charge carrier, because every electron carries a negative charge. If we can free an electron from an atom and force it to move, we can create electricity.
Answer:
The pressure upstream and downstream of a shock wave are related as
where,
= Specific Heat ratio of air
M = Mach number upstream
We know that 
Applying values we get
Similarly the temperature downstream is obtained by the relation
![\frac{T_{1}}{T_{o}}=\frac{[2\gamma M^{2}-(\gamma -1)][(\gamma -1)M^{2}+2]}{(\gamma +1)^{2}M^{2}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7BT_%7B1%7D%7D%7BT_%7Bo%7D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5B2%5Cgamma%20M%5E%7B2%7D-%28%5Cgamma%20-1%29%5D%5B%28%5Cgamma%20-1%29M%5E%7B2%7D%2B2%5D%7D%7B%28%5Cgamma%20%2B1%29%5E%7B2%7DM%5E%7B2%7D%7D)
Applying values we get
![\frac{T_{1}}{423}=\frac{[2\times 1.4\times 1.8^{2}-(1.4-1)][(1.4-1)1.8^{2}+2]}{(1.4+1)^{2}\times 1.8^{2}}\\\\\therefore \frac{T_{1}}{423}=1.53\\\\\therefore T_{1}=647.85K=374.85^{o}C](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7BT_%7B1%7D%7D%7B423%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5B2%5Ctimes%201.4%5Ctimes%201.8%5E%7B2%7D-%281.4-1%29%5D%5B%281.4-1%291.8%5E%7B2%7D%2B2%5D%7D%7B%281.4%2B1%29%5E%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%201.8%5E%7B2%7D%7D%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Ctherefore%20%5Cfrac%7BT_%7B1%7D%7D%7B423%7D%3D1.53%5C%5C%5C%5C%5Ctherefore%20T_%7B1%7D%3D647.85K%3D374.85%5E%7Bo%7DC)
The Mach number downstream is obtained by the relation
