Autoregulatory neural and endocrine mechanisms activate after blood loss to compensate for the loss and restore homeostasis.
Neural mechanisms involve blood pressure and blood chemistry. Cardiac centers and vasomotor centers may increase the blood flow and cardiac output (sympathetic) or decrease the blood flow and cardiac output (parasympathetic). Peripheral vessels are also constricted and nor epinephrine decreases flow in the arteries and decreases the flow in the veins.
Endocrine control acts in the renal and adrenal organs, the brain and heart. RBCs, renin/angiotensiogen/aldosterone, catecholamines, antidiretic hormone, atrial natriuretic hormone regulate blood volume and blood pressure by keeping the fluids in the cardiovascular system. It also initiates vasoconstrictors or vasodilators.
Answer:
SA Node
Inter-nodal Pathways
AV Node
AV Bundle
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
The SA nodes functions first for setting pace for the heart, then the inter-nodal pathway make link b/w SA and AV node. AV node is site of delay when contraction of atria occurs. AV bundle is the mean of electrical link b/w atria and ventricle. The conveying of impulse to the inter-ventricular septum occurs through bundle branches, while conveying of impulse throughout and along the walls of ventricle occurs through Purkinje fibers.
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Rivers often start from the mountain streams and contain high amounts of oxygen. Rivers and streams grow larger as these waters merge. Rivers pick up sediments from the land as they flow. Lakes support many varieties of organisms, including plants in shallow,
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The first line of defence (or outside defence system) includes physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection. These include your skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, 'friendly' bacteria and white blood cells called neutrophils.
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