For side length s the area of the triangle is .. A = (√3)/4*s^2 The radius of the circle will be .. r = s/(2√3) so the area of the circle is .. A = π*r^2 = π*s^2/12
The fraction of the triangle that is not in the circle is .. 1 - (π/12)/((√3)/4) .. = 1 -π/(3√3) .. ≈ 39.54%