Answer:
ATP synthase utilizes energy of the proton gradient to attach phosphate groups to ADP.
Explanation:
ATP synthase is an enzyme that requires some form of energy to form energy storing molecule ATP, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Because of that, ATP synthesis is coupled with cellular respiration and electrochemical gradient created by the difference in proton (H+) concentration across the mitochondrial membrane during the transport of electrons through the electron transport chain. In plants, proton gradient is formed in chloroplast, in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane.
A simple leaf blade is undivided as shown on the left (though the margins may be toothed or even lobed). The blade of a compound leaf is divided into several leaflets as shown on the right. ... Each leaf, whether simple or compound, has a bud at its base (on the twig). There are no buds at the base of each leaflet.
