The fixed budget indicates sales of $50,000. actual sales were $55,000. The variance is $5,000 favorable.
The variance is a measure of variability. it's far calculated by taking the average of squared deviations from the mean. Variance tells you the diploma of unfold in your information set. The more unfold the data, the larger the variance is in relation to the mean.
In opportunity idea and information, variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its populace imply or sample suggest. Variance is a measure of dispersion, that means it's far a degree of the way a long way a fixed of numbers is spread out from their average price.
Not like variety and interquartile range, variance is a measure of dispersion that takes into consideration the unfold of all information points in a data set. It is the degree of dispersion the most often used, in conjunction with the standard deviation, that is truly the rectangular root of the variance.
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Credit Bureau supplies ratings based off of prior credit history. Companies / banks decide if you are worthy of loans based off of these ratings.
Answer:
Pre-tax cost of debt is 8.7%
After-tax cost of debt is 5.66%
Explanation:
the cost of debt financing before tax is the yield to maturity on the bond, which can be computed using the rate formula in excel.
=rate(nper,pmt,-pv,fv)
nper is the number of times the bonds pay s interest which is 15*2=30
pmt is the semi-annual interest of the bond:9.6%/2*$1000=$48
pv is the current market price of $1,120 minus 4% flotation cost i.e 1120*96%=$1075.2
Fv is the face of the bond at $1000
=rate(30,48,-1075.2
,1000)
rate=4.35% on semi-annual basis
rate =4.35%*2=8.7% on annual basis
after tax cost of debt =8.7%*(1-0.35)
=5.66%
