Resonance, leaving group, carbonyl carbon delta+, and steric effect is the most crucial variables that affect the relative reactivity of a functional group containing a carbonyl in an addition or substitution process.
Discussion:
1. Carbonyl Carbon Delta+: The carbonyl group becomes more electrophilic and accelerates nucleophilic assault when the carbonyl carbon delta+ is bigger.
2. Resonance: When the carbonyl is transformed into the tetrahedral adduct, it may be lost. Loss of resonance increases the energy of the transition state for this nucleophilic assault because resonance has the function of stabilizing. Therefore, a carbonyl functional group's resistance to nucleophilic attack increases as resonance in the group increases in importance.
3. Leaving group: Tetrahedral adduct fragmentation is encouraged by a better LG.
4. Steric effects: The nucleophilic attack on carbonyl carbon is delayed when sterically impeded.
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The balanced chemical equation is :
5P₄ + 36OH → 12HPO₃⁻² (aq) + 8PH₃ (acidic)
Here the oxidation number of P changed from 0 to -3 in PH₃ and increases from 0 to +3 in HPO₃⁻². When P₄ changes to PH₃ reduction reaction is taking place as there is addition of hydrogen and when P₄ changes to HPO₃⁻² oxidation takes place as there is addition of oxygen.
Thus clearly both reduction and oxidation are taking place.
Thus, we can infer that here P₄ is both oxidizing as well as reducing agent.
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Solution :
Assuming all Al will be consumed in the reaction.
From the given equation, 2 mole of Al produce 2 mole of 
.
So, 1 mole of Al produce 1 mole of . .....statement 1)
Number of moles of Al in 258 gram of Al.
Therefore, from statement 1) number of moles of produced is also 9.556 moles.
The oceanic plate boundary :)
