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Minchanka [31]
1 year ago
11

List and explain the four most important factors that control the relative reactivity of a carbonyl-containing functional group

in an addition or substitution reaction.
Chemistry
1 answer:
ioda1 year ago
8 0

Resonance, leaving group, carbonyl carbon delta+, and steric effect is the most crucial variables that affect the relative reactivity of a functional group containing a carbonyl in an addition or substitution process.

Discussion:

1. Carbonyl Carbon Delta+: The carbonyl group becomes more electrophilic and accelerates nucleophilic assault when the carbonyl carbon delta+ is bigger.

2. Resonance: When the carbonyl is transformed into the tetrahedral adduct, it may be lost. Loss of resonance increases the energy of the transition state for this nucleophilic assault because resonance has the function of stabilizing. Therefore, a carbonyl functional group's resistance to nucleophilic attack increases as resonance in the group increases in importance.

3. Leaving group: Tetrahedral adduct fragmentation is encouraged by a better LG.

4. Steric effects: The nucleophilic attack on carbonyl carbon is delayed when sterically impeded.

Learn more about carbonyl here:

brainly.com/question/21440134

#SPJ4

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State Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's laws using sentences, then equations
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Explanation:

1. Boyle's Law states that pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature and number of moles.

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2. Charles' Law states that volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles.

V\propto T    (At constant pressure and number of moles

\frac{V_1}{T_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2}

3. Gay Lussac's Law states that tempertaure is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas at constant volume and number of moles of gas

P\propto T    (At constant volume and number of moles)

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What is the mole ratio needed to determine the mass of phosphorus trifluoride produced from the reaction of 120 g of phosphorus
Vitek1552 [10]

Answer:

\frac{4molPF_3}{1molP_4}

Explanation:

Hello

In this case, given the reaction:

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It means that since the coefficients preceding phosphorous and phosphorous trifluoride are 1 and 4, the correct mole ratio should be:

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Because given the mass of phosphorous it is convenient to convert it to moles and then cancel it out with the moles on bottom of the mole ratio.

Bes regards!

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2 years ago
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Answer:

n=0.0747mol

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since we can consider hydrogen gas as an ideal gas, we check the volume-pressure-temperature-mole relationship by using the ideal gas equation:

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Whereas we are asked to compute the moles given the temperature in Kelvins, thr pressure in atm and volume in L as shown below:

n=\frac{105kPa*\frac{0.009869atm}{1kPa}*1.75L}{0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}*(23+273.15)K} \\\\n=0.0747mol

Best regards.

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