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Minchanka [31]
1 year ago
11

List and explain the four most important factors that control the relative reactivity of a carbonyl-containing functional group

in an addition or substitution reaction.
Chemistry
1 answer:
ioda1 year ago
8 0

Resonance, leaving group, carbonyl carbon delta+, and steric effect is the most crucial variables that affect the relative reactivity of a functional group containing a carbonyl in an addition or substitution process.

Discussion:

1. Carbonyl Carbon Delta+: The carbonyl group becomes more electrophilic and accelerates nucleophilic assault when the carbonyl carbon delta+ is bigger.

2. Resonance: When the carbonyl is transformed into the tetrahedral adduct, it may be lost. Loss of resonance increases the energy of the transition state for this nucleophilic assault because resonance has the function of stabilizing. Therefore, a carbonyl functional group's resistance to nucleophilic attack increases as resonance in the group increases in importance.

3. Leaving group: Tetrahedral adduct fragmentation is encouraged by a better LG.

4. Steric effects: The nucleophilic attack on carbonyl carbon is delayed when sterically impeded.

Learn more about carbonyl here:

brainly.com/question/21440134

#SPJ4

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Find the quantinum numbers n,m,l,s for the last of potassium layer pleasee help explain correctly all
Fantom [35]

Answer:

Quantum numbers of the outermost electron in potassium:

  • n = 4.
  • l  = 1.
  • m_l = 0.
  • Either m_s = 1/2.

Explanation:

Refer to the electron configuration of a potassium atom. The outermost electron in a ground-state potassium atom is in the 4s orbital (fourth s orbital.)

The quantum number n (the principal quantum number) specifies the main energy shell of an electron. This electron is in the fourth main energy shell (as seen in the number four in the orbital.) Hence, n = 4 for this electron.

The quantum number l (the angular momentum quantum number) specifies the shape (s, p, d, etc.) of an electron. l = 1 for s\! orbitals (such as the one that contains this electron.

Quantum numbers n and l specify the shape of an orbital. On the other hand, the magnetic quantum number m_l specifies the orientation of these orbitals in space.

However, s orbitals are spherical. Regardless of the value of n, the only possible m_l value for electrons in s\! orbitals is m_l = 0.

The spin quantum number m_s distinguishes between the two electrons in an orbital. The two possible values of m_s \! are (+1/2) and (-1/2). Typically, the first electron in an orbital is assigned an upward (\uparrow) spin, which corresponds to m_s = (+1/2).

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The ionic compounds on dissolving in aqueous solution dissociate into their respective ions that are cations and anions.

The ions present in the aqueous solution of CuSO_4 are Cu^{2+} and SO_{4}^{2-}.

So, the chemical formula of the cation present in the aqueous solution of CuSO_4 is Cu^{2+}.

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