Answer: i think you're talking about dilations and there are specific formulas depending on the situation.
for example: the dilation of (x,y) is (-1/2x, -1/2y).
you'd probably need to subtract 2 from whatever measurements of the shape you're working with. i'm not completely sure though
Answer:
The equation to be used is 4/8 × 8/12=1/3
Answer: 25 apples
Step-by-step explanation: because 5 apples times 5 branches is 25