1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
rewona [7]
3 years ago
9

Find the maximum volume of a rectangular box that is inscribed in a sphere of radius r.

Mathematics
1 answer:
zvonat [6]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The maximum volume of a box inscribed in a sphere of radius r is a cube with volume \frac{8r^3}{3\sqrt{3}}.

Step-by-step explanation:

This is an optimization problem; that means that given the constraints on the problem, the answer must be found without assuming any shape of the box. That feat is made through the power of derivatives, in which all possible shapes are analyzed in its equation and the biggest -or smallest, given the case- answer is obtained. Now, 'common sense' tells us that the shape that can contain more volume is a symmetrical one, that is, a cube. In this case common sense is correct, and the assumption can save lots of calculations, however, mathematics has also shown us that sometimes 'common sense' fails us and the answer can be quite unintuitive. Therefore, it is best not to assume any shape, and that's how it will be solved here.

The first step of solving a mathematics problem (after understanding the problem, of course) is to write down the known information and variables, and make a picture if possible.

The equation of a sphere of radius r is x^2 + y^2 + z^2=r^2. Where x, y and z are the distances from the center of the sphere to any of its points in the border. Notice that this is the three-dimensional version of Pythagoras' theorem, and it means that a sphere is the collection of coordinates in which the equation holds for a given radius, and that you can treat this spherical problem in cartesian coordinates.

A box that touches its corners with the sphere with arbitrary side lenghts is drawn, and the distances from the center of the sphere -which is also the center of the box- to each cartesian axis are named x, y and z; then, the complete sides of the box are measured  2x,  2y and 2z. The volume V of any rectangular box is given by the product of its sides, that is, V=2x\cdot 2y\cdot 2z=8xyz.

Those are the two equations that bound the problem. The idea is to optimize V in terms of r, therefore the radius of the sphere must be introduced into the equation of the volumen of the box so that both variables are correlated. From the equation of the sphere one of the variables is isolated: z^2=r^2-x^2 - y^2\quad \Rightarrow z= \sqrt{r^2-x^2 - y^2}, so it can be replaced into the other: V=8xy\sqrt{r^2-x^2 - y^2}.

But there are still two coordinate variables that are not fixed and cannot be replaced or assumed. This is the point in which optimization kicks in through derivatives. In this case, we have a cube in which every cartesian coordinate is independent from each other, so a partial derivative is applied to each coordinate independently, and then the answer from both coordiantes is merged into a single equation and it will hopefully solve the problem.

The x coordinate is treated first: \frac{\partial V}{\partial x} =\frac{\partial 8xy\sqrt{r^2-x^2 - y^2}}{\partial x}, in a partial derivative the other variable(s) is(are) treated as constant(s), therefore the product rule is applied: \frac{\partial V}{\partial x} = 8y\sqrt{r^2-x^2 - y^2}  + 8xy \frac{(r^2-x^2 - y^2)^{-1/2}}{2} (-2x) (careful with the chain rule) and now the expression is reorganized so that a common denominator is found \frac{\partial V)}{\partial x} = \frac{8y(r^2-x^2 - y^2)}{\sqrt{r^2-x^2 - y^2}}  - \frac{8x^2y }{\sqrt{r^2-x^2 - y^2}} = \frac{8y(r^2-2x^2 - y^2)}{\sqrt{r^2-x^2 - y^2}}.

Since it cannot be simplified any further it is left like that and it is proceed to optimize the other variable, the coordinate y. The process is symmetrical due to the equivalence of both terms in the volume equation. Thus, \frac{\partial V}{\partial y} = \frac{8x(r^2-x^2 - 2y^2)}{\sqrt{r^2-x^2 - y^2}}.

The final step is to set both partial derivatives equal to zero, and that represents the value for x and y which sets the volume V to its maximum possible value.

\frac{\partial V}{\partial x} = \frac{8y(r^2-2x^2 - y^2)}{\sqrt{r^2-x^2 - y^2}} =0 \quad\Rightarrow r^2-2x^2 - y^2=0 so that the non-trivial answer is selected, then r^2=2x^2+ y^2. Similarly, from the other variable it is obtained that r^2=x^2+2 y^2. The last equation is multiplied by two and then it is substracted from the first, r^2=3 y^2\therefore y=\frac{r}{\sqrt{3}}. Similarly, x=\frac{r}{\sqrt{3}}.

Steps must be retraced to the volume equation V=8xy\sqrt{r^2-x^2 - y^2}=8\frac{r}{\sqrt{3}}\frac{r}{\sqrt{3}}\sqrt{r^2-\left(\frac{r}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2 - \left(\frac{r}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2}=8\frac{r^2}{3}\sqrt{r^2-\frac{r^2}{3} - \frac{r^2}{3}} =8\frac{r^2}{3}\sqrt{\frac{r^2}{3}}=8\frac{r^3}{3\sqrt{3}}.

You might be interested in
Multiply 3/sqrt17- sqrt2 by which fraction will produce an equivalent fraction with rational denominator
zzz [600]

Answer:

B.

Step-by-step explanation:

To simplify something that looks like \frac{\text{whatever}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}} you would multiply the top and bottom by the conjugate of the bottom. So you multiply the top and bottom for this problem I just made by:

\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}.

If you had  \frac{\text{whatever}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}, then you would multiply top and bottom the conjugate of \sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b} which is \sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}.

The conjugate of a+b is a-b.

These have a term for it because when you multiply them something special happens.  The middle terms cancel so you only have to really multiply the first terms and the last terms.

Let's see:

(a+b)(a-b)

I'm going to use foil:

First:  a(a)=a^2

Outer: a(-b)=-ab

Inner:  b(a)=ab

Last:    b(-b)=-b^2

--------------------------Adding.

a^2-b^2

See -ab+ab canceled so all you had to do was the "first" and "last" of foil.

This would get rid of square roots if a and b had them because they are being squared.

Anyways the conjugate of \sqrt{17}-\sqrt{2} is

\sqrt{17}+\sqrt{2}.

This is the thing we are multiplying and top and bottom.

3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The money remaining from the $150 is 37.5% of the cost of the day trip to cairo
weeeeeb [17]
The cost of the trip was $56.25
5 0
3 years ago
What is the value of n in the equation 1 (n – 4) – 3 = 3 - (2n+3)?
xxTIMURxx [149]

Answer:

n=7/3

Step-by-step explanation:

1 (n – 4) – 3 = 3 - (2n+3)

1. distribute the 1 on the left side and distribute the -1 on the right side

1n-4-3=3-2n-3

2. add like terms

1n-7=-2n

3. move n to one side and by itself

-7=-3n

4. divide -3 to get n alone. Both negatives cancel out each other

7/3=n

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Calculate the length b to two decimal places.
Andrej [43]

Answer:

B. 21.64

Step-by-step explanation:        

We have been given a triangle and we are asked to find the length of AC (b).

We will use law of cosines to find the length of side AC.

c^{2}=a^{2}+b^{2}-2ab \text{ cos }\theta

Upon substituting our given values in the formula we will get,

(AC)^{2}=15^{2}+12^{2}-2\times 15\times 12 \text{ cos}(106)  

(AC)^{2}=225+144-360\text{ cos}(106)      

(AC)^{2}=369-360(-0.275637355817)      

(AC)^{2}=369+99.22944809412    

(AC)^{2}=468.22944809412

Upon taking square root of both sides of our equation we will be get,

AC=\sqrt{468.22944809412}

AC=21.6386101238993629\approx 21.64  

Therefore, the length of b is 21.64 and option B is the correct choice.

6 0
3 years ago
When solving negative one over five -1/5 (x − 25) = 7, what is the correct sequence of operations
aleksandr82 [10.1K]

The solution would be like this for this specific problem:

 

\left( { - 5} \right)
\cdot \left( { - \frac{1}{5}} \right) \cdot \left( {x - 25} \right) = 7 \cdot
\left( { - 5} \right)

 

 

\left( { - 5} \right)
\cdot \left( { - \frac{1}{5}} \right) = 1

 

The correct sequence of operations when solving negative one over five (x − 25) = 7 would be multiply each side by −5, and adding 25 to each side.

5 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Two angles are vertical angles. One angle is 2x the other angle is labeled (x+30). Find the value of x
    12·1 answer
  • How many nanoseconds does it take for a computer to perform one calculation if it performs 6.7 × 10^{7} calculations per second?
    13·1 answer
  • A circle with a radius of 10 inches is placed inside a square with a side length of 20 inches. Find the area of the square.
    13·2 answers
  • Dhalia rolls a number cube that has sides labeled 1 to 6 and then flips a coin. What is
    8·1 answer
  • PLSSSSS HELP ME!!! 80 Points!!
    8·2 answers
  • Five times the complement of an angle is equal to twice the supplement.
    12·1 answer
  • HELP ASAP (Brainliest)
    10·1 answer
  • Which equation is true?
    12·2 answers
  • If a man drives 600km from Johannesburg to Durban. He starts his journey with a full tank of petrol. If the man drives at an ave
    6·1 answer
  • Find the value of x.
    5·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!