Answer:
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I believe the correct response would be B. Of humans.
Answer:
The correct answer is - production.
Explanation:
If a cow does not milk on schedule it creates stress conditions and leads to several physiological changes which lead to the release of a hormone. This hormone result in lower milk production also affects negatively on her immunity.
The stress cause release of estrogen, and prolactin hormones with other corticosterioids that result in decreases in the number of cytokines and decrease innate immunity of the cow.
Answer:
Electrical gradient.
Explanation:
Ions DO NOT move in Ion channels by simple diffusion because most ion channels can be:
I) selective of ions pass through it.
II) operating on a "open and close" principle. Where it opens or close on its own accord OR does so ONLY when induced by a specific influence like change in voltage of ion channels.
IN ADDITION to the concentration gradient, ELECTRICAL GRADIENTS (change in membrane voltage) affects the movement of ions through ion channels
Answer: a molecule made of many small molecules
Explanation: Macromolecules are large molecules that are composed of smaller molecules called monomers. These macromolecules are polymers of the monomers units. Examples of macromolecules are proteins which have amino acids as their monomers and carbohydrates which have monosaccharide sugars such as glucose, and fructose as the monomers.