Factors that influence general adaptation syndrome include that of a person’s health, nutrition, sex, ages, race, socioeconomic status, and genetics. These are factors that are either can precipitate a different reaction, while others are modifiable and unmodifiable traits.
In biology, adaptation has 3 related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each organism, that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection. Historically, adaptation has been described from the time of the ancient Greek philosophers such as Empedocles and Aristotle. In 18th and 19th century natural theology, adaptation was taken as evidence for the existence of a deity. Charles Darwin proposed instead that it was explained by natural selection. Adaptation is related to biological fitness, which governs the rate of evolution as measured by a change in gene frequencies. Often, two or more species co-adapt and co-evolve as they develop adaptations that interlock with those of the other species, such as with flowering plants and pollinating insects. In mimicry, species evolve to resemble other species; in Müllerian mimicry, this is a mutually beneficial co-evolution as each of a group of strongly defended species (such as wasps able to sting) come to advertise their defenses in the same way. Features evolved for one purpose may be co-opted for a different one, as when the insulating feathers of dinosaurs were co-opted for bird flight. Adaptation is a major topic in the philosophy of biology, as it concerns function and purpose (teleology). Some biologists try to avoid terms that imply purpose in adaptation, not least because it suggests a deity's intentions, but others note that adaptation is necessarily purposeful.
In this question, you want to make <span>400 ml of 0.1m NaOH solution. The amount of NaOH in mol should be:
molar= mole of NaOH/l of water
0.1m= mol of NaOH/ 0.4l
</span>mol of NaOH= 0.1* 0.4= 0.04 mol
The molecular weight for NaOH should be 40g/mol. Then the amount of NaOH in grams would be: 0.04 * 40(g/mol) = 1.6 grams
The given question is incomplete. The complete question is :
The thermal decomposition of phosphine (PH3) into phosphorus and molecular hydrogen is a first-order reaction:
The half-life of the reaction is 35.0 s at 680°C. Calculate the first order rate constant.
Answer: a) The first order rate constant is ![0.0198s^{-1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=0.0198s%5E%7B-1%7D)
b) The time after which 95% reactions gets completed is 151 seconds
Explanation:
Expression for rate law for first order kinetics is given by:
![t=\frac{2.303}{k}\log\frac{a}{a-x}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%3D%5Cfrac%7B2.303%7D%7Bk%7D%5Clog%5Cfrac%7Ba%7D%7Ba-x%7D)
where,
k = rate constant
t = age of sample
a = let initial amount of the reactant
a - x = amount left after decay process
a) for finding the rate constant
Half life is the amount of time taken by a radioactive material to decay to half of its original value.
![t_{\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{0.693}{k}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t_%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0.693%7D%7Bk%7D)
![k=\frac{0.693}{35.0s}=0.0198s^{-1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=k%3D%5Cfrac%7B0.693%7D%7B35.0s%7D%3D0.0198s%5E%7B-1%7D)
The first order rate constant is ![0.0198s^{-1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=0.0198s%5E%7B-1%7D)
b) for completion of 95 % of reaction
![t=\frac{2.303}{k}\log\frac{100}{100-95}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%3D%5Cfrac%7B2.303%7D%7Bk%7D%5Clog%5Cfrac%7B100%7D%7B100-95%7D)
![t=\frac{2.303}{0.0198}\log\frac{100}{5}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%3D%5Cfrac%7B2.303%7D%7B0.0198%7D%5Clog%5Cfrac%7B100%7D%7B5%7D)
![t=151 s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t%3D151%20s)
The time after which 95% reactions gets completed is 151 seconds