<span>Lafora disease is the most severe teenage-onset progressive epilepsy, a unique form of glycogenosis with perikaryal accumulation of an abnormal form of glycogen, and a neurodegenerative disorder exhibiting an unusual generalized organellar disintegration. The disease is caused by mutations of the EPM2A gene, which encodes two isoforms of the laforin protein tyrosine phosphatase, having alternate carboxyl termini, one localized in the cytoplasm (endoplasmic reticulum) and the other in the nucleus. To date, all documented disease mutations, including the knockout mouse model deletion, have been in the segment of the protein common to both isoforms. It is therefore not known whether dysfunction of the cytoplasmic, nuclear, or both isoforms leads to the disease. In the present work, we identify six novel mutations, one of which, c.950insT (Q319fs), is the first mutation specific to the cytoplasmic laforin isoform, implicating this isoform in disease pathogenesis. To confirm this mutation's deleterious effect on laforin, we studied the resultant protein's subcellular localization and function and show a drastic reduction in its phosphatase activity, despite maintenance of its location at the endoplasmic reticulum.
I got my information from </span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14722920
Evolutionary theory predicted that bacterial resistance would happen. Given time, heredity and variation, any living organisms including the bacteria will evolve when a selective pressure, in this case an antibiotic is introduced. However it also gives doctors an patient some specific strategies for delaying even more widespread evolution of antibiotic resistance; these strategies include; avoid mild doses of antibiotics over long time periods, don't use antibiotics to treat viral infections, when treating bacterial infection with antibiotics, take all the pills, and also using combination of drugs to treat a bacterial infection.
Salt molecules are much smaller than starch molecules and can pass through more easily. ... Thus, they are quite large molecules in contrast to the relatively small salt molecules. The smaller salt molecules pass through the membrane easily, but the larger starch molecules cannot pass through the membrane.
Answer: The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom's identity, and the number of electrons determines its electrical charge.
Explanation:
<span>Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells.
Red blood cells that haven't fully developed, yet.
When our bodies lose a large amount of blood,
we rapidly produce reticulocytes,
so that our bodies can quickly replenish their red blood supplies.
And obviously, when we donate blood, we lose blood.</span>
