Answer:
Somatic hypermutation is a process in which point mutations build up in the antibody V-regions of both the heavy and light chains.
This process occurs at rates that are about 106-fold higher than the background mutation rates observed in other genes.
It allows B cells to mutate the genes that they use to produce antibodies. This then ensures the B cells to produce antibodies that are better able to bind to bacteria, viruses and other infections.
1. Variations
2. Extinction
3. Behavioral
4. Functional
5. Structural
Answer:
A) 6
Explanation:
Complex III of the electron transport chain transfers four protons across the membrane during aerobic respiration, per pair of electrons. In the other hand, complex IV is responsible for transporting two protons (per pair of electrons) across the membrane.
If the given compound injects a pair of electron into complex III, four protons will accumulated due to complex III activity and then two more protons as these electrons move forward to complex IV. This means a total of 6 protons being transported to intermembrane space.
Potassium holds an important function in both cell and energy-related functions. Potassium is considered to be one of the important blood minerals. Potassium regulates the balance of both water and acid in our blood and body tissues. Food which are high in potassium include white beans, spinach, plain yogurt, broccoli, sweet potato milk, bacon, oranges and many more. One should avoid the excessive intake of salt because too much intake of salt in the body may cause complications or illnesses in our body. Some illnesses caused by too much salt in the body are fluid retention, high blood pressure, Kidney problems and heart failure.
