A beta particle is an electron and it has a -1 charge and zero mass.
Beta decay by
emitting an electron is called as β⁻
decay. When this happens, a neutron of the element converts into a proton by
emitting an electron. Hence, the mass of daughter nucleus is same as parent
atom but atomic number/number of protons is higher by 1 than atomic number of
parent atom.
In a β⁻ decay, the symbol is used as ₋₁⁰β or ₋₁⁰e.
-1 is for charge
<span> 0 is for the mass of the particle
</span>
Answer: v = 2π2 Kme2 Z / nh
Explanation:
The formula for velocity of an electron in the nth orbit is given as,
v = 2π2 Kme2 Z / nh
v = velocity
K = 1/(4πε0)
m= mass of an electron
e = Charge on an electron
Z= atomic number
h= Planck’s constant
n is a positive integer.
Answer:
It is mentioned that the student is mixing chemicals A and B and observes the time taken for the color to change. However, in the experiment, it is noticed that the student has repeated the procedure five times and each time he or she is modifying the concentration of chemical B. Thus, it is clear that the concentration of chemical B is the independent variable in the experiment. An independent variable is illustrated as the variable, which is controlled or modified in the experiment.
