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SIZIF [17.4K]
3 years ago
5

In chemistry class we learn the rule "like dissolves like" when studying why polar substances dissolve in each other (like sucro

se in water) and why non-polar substances dissolve in each other (like fats in oil). Which of the following statements illustrates this rule?
a. Ribosomes are found inside of prokaryootic cells rather than outside.
b. Prokaryotes lack a nuclear membrane while eukaryotes have one.
c. More prokaryotic cells could fit inside a 1-cm cube than eukaryotic cells could.
d. Transmembrane proteins remain in the plasma membrane even though they are not attached to anything.
e. Chemical messengers or hormones bind tightly to their receptor proteins on the outside of a cell.
Biology
1 answer:
Lyrx [107]3 years ago
8 0
<h2>The correct answer is: d.</h2>

Explanation:

  • As per the question, the correct answer is to be chosen from the given options that is identical to the logic given in the statement of the question that is, "like dissolves like".
  • Polar molecules can get dissolved in water because they are hydrophilic or water-loving in nature. They have such functional groups in their structure which have the capability of forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules, hence get dissolved in water.
  • Non-polar molecules can get dissolved in non-polar solvents like fats and oils because either of them are hydrophobic or water-hating in nature. They have such functional groups which can form hydrophobic and Van-der-Waal's forces of interaction with each other , hence they get dissolved in non-polar solvents.
  • Polar and non-polar substances are unable to get dissolved in each other because the polar molecules are incapable forming hydrophobic or Van-der-Waals forces of interaction with the non-polar molecules and the non-polar molecules are incapable of forming hydrogen bonding with the polar molecules.
  • Trans-membrane proteins are those which remain integrated in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and spans across the membrane forming a connection between the cell interior and the cell exterior.
  • They are required for transporting small polar molecules and ions across the plasma membrane.
  • The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is otherwise impermeable to the movement of polar molecules and ions due to the hydrophobicity of the lipid molecules.
  • The trans-membrane proteins are amphipathic molecules, that is, they are made up of both polar and non-polar amino acid residues.
  • These amino acid residues are such arranged in the structure of the proteins that the non-polar amino acids face towards the lipid molecules in the bilayer thereby forming hydrophobic and Van-der-Waals forces of interaction with the lipid molecules.
  • The polar amino acids face towards the channel or lumen formed by the protein across the lipid bilayer so that they can form hydrogen bonds with the polar molecules and ions which are transported across the plasma membrane.
  • Hence, like interacts with like.
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2 years ago
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Answer: B)  there is a decrease in kinetic energy and the molecules get closer together.

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Answer:

First I'd be found in rocks. Erosion would wash me into the soil. Then I'd be absorbed by plants, fungi or microorganisms so they can grow. Animals would get me by eating the plants or drinking the water that eroded the rock. The plants and animals die and I'm absorbed back into the soil.

Explanation:

Phosphorus Cycle Steps

The phosphorus cycle is a slow process, which involves five key steps.

Weathering

Since the main source of phosphorus is found in rocks, the first step of the phosphorus cycle involves the extraction of phosphorus from the rocks by weathering. Weather events, such as rain and other sources of erosion, result in phosphorus being washed into the soil.

Absorption by Plants and Animals

Once in the soil, plants, fungi, and microorganisms are able to absorb phosphorus and grow. In addition, phosphorus can also be washed into the local water systems. Plants can also directly absorb phosphorus from the water and grow. In addition to plants, animals also obtain phosphorus from drinking water and eating plants.

Return to the Environment via Decomposition

When plants and animals die, decomposition results in the return of phosphorus back to the environment via the water or soil.  

Plants and animals in these environments can then use this phosphorus, and step 2 of the cycle is repeated.

Human Impact on the Phosphorus Cycle

Humans have had a significant impact on the phosphorus cycle due to a variety of human activities, such as the use of fertilizer, the distribution of food products, and artificial eutrophication. Fertilizers containing phosphorus add to the phosphorus levels in the soil and are particularly detrimental when such products are washed into local aquatic ecosystems. When phosphorus is added to waters at a rate typically achieved by natural processes, it is referred to as natural eutrophication. A natural supply of phosphorus over time provides nutrients to the water and serves to increase the productivity of that particular ecosystem. However, when foods are shipped from farms to cities, the substantial levels of Phosphorus that is drained into the water systems is called artificial or anthropogenic eutrophication. When levels of phosphorus are too high, the overabundance of plant nutrients serves to drive the excessive growth of algae. However, these algae die or form algae blooms, which are toxic to the plants and animals in the ecosystem. Thus, human activities serve to harm aquatic ecosystems, whenever excess amounts of phosphorus are leached into the water.

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