Answer:
Here's what I get
Explanation:
You may have done a Williamson synthesis of guaifenesin by reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol.
A. Mechanism
Step 1
NaOH converts guaiacol into a phenoxide ion.
Step 2
The phenoxide acts as the nucleophile in an SN2 reaction to displace the Cl from the alkyl halide.
B. Improve the yield
You probably carried out the reaction in ethanol solution — a polar protic solvent.
You might try doing the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent— perhaps DMSO.
A polar aprotic solvent does not hydrogen bond to nucleophiles, so they become stronger.
C. Another method of ether synthesis —dehydration of alcohols
Sulfuric acid catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to ethers.
This is also a nucleophilic displacement reaction.
Protonation of the OH converts it into a better leaving group.
Attack by a second molecule of alcohol forms the protonated ether.
A molecule of water then removes the proton.
True because evryone reacts a different way
A substance that consist of two elements is one IN WHICH THE ELEMENTS ARE CHEMICALLY COMBINED IN A FIXED PROPORTION.
A compound is a substance that is made up of two or more elements which have undergone chemical reaction together and their individual properties have been lost during the reaction, thus a compound has properties that are different from those of its constituents elements. Compounds are usually combined in specific fixed ratio.<span />
Answer:
The most recent ice age ended about 10,000 years ago
Explanation:
The last ice age began 110,000 years ago and ended 10,000 years ago, leading to the temperature of the Earth, expansions of glaciers and polar ice caps were made.
The question requires that you assume complete ionization of the compound. This is:
(NH4)2 SO4 → 2 NH4 (+) + SO4 (2-)
Then, 1 mol of (NH4)2 SO4 produces 3 moles of ions: 2 moles of NH4 (+) and 1 mol of SO4 (2-)
=> 0.26 * 2 moles of NH4(+) = 0.52 moles of NH4 (+)
0.26 * 1 mol of SO4 (2-) = 0.26 moles of SO4 (2-).
Answer: 0.52 moles of ammonium ions and 0.26 moles of sulfate.ions.
