1. A thermodynamic quantity that is the difference between the internal energy of a system and the product of itsabsolute temperature and entropy; the capacity of a system to do work, as in an exothermic chemical reaction.<span>2. </span>A thermodynamic quantity that is the difference between the enthalpy and the product of the absolute temperatureand entropy of a system. Also called <span>Gibbs free energy</span>.
The
correct answer is A. In the combined gas law, if the volume is decreased and
the pressure is constant, then the temperature decreases.
<span>P1V1/
T1 = P2V2 / T2</span>
<span>Assume
the volume decrease by half; V2 = V1/2</span>
<span>P1V1/
T1 = P2V1 /2 T2</span>
<span>Cancelling
terms,</span>
<span>1/T1
= 1/2 T2</span>
T2
= T1/2
<span>Thus,
the temperature decreased.</span>
Answer: 
is a reactant; it is present before the reaction occurs.
Explanation:
In a chemical reaction the chemical formulas written before the arrow are described as reactants as they react together to form products which are written after the arrow.
Thus and HCl are reactants here whereas 
, 
and 
are products.
The speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second in vacuum.
It's somewhat slower in any material substance, and different in
each substance.
(That's 186,282.4 miles per second.)
24.6 ℃
<h3>Explanation</h3>
Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide reacts by the following equation:
which is equivalent to
The question states that the second equation has an enthalpy, or "heat", of neutralization of 
. Thus the combination of every mole of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in solution would produce 
or 
of energy.
500 milliliter of a 0.50 mol per liter "M" solution contains 0.25 moles of the solute. There are thus 0.25 moles of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in the two 0.500 milliliter solutions, respectively. They would combine to release 
of energy.
Both the solution and the calorimeter absorb energy released in this neutralization reaction. Their temperature change is dependent on the heat capacity <em>C</em> of the two objects, combined.
The question has given the heat capacity of the calorimeter directly.
The heat capacity (the one without mass in the unit) of water is to be calculated from its mass and <em>specific</em> heat.
The calorimeter contains 1.00 liters or 
of the 1.0 gram per milliliter solution. Accordingly, it would have a mass of 
.
The solution has a specific heat of 
. The solution thus have a heat capacity of 
. Note that one degree Kelvins K is equivalent to one degree celsius ℃ in temperature change measurements.
The calorimeter-solution system thus has a heat capacity of 
, meaning that its temperature would rise by 1 degree celsius on the absorption of 4.634 × 10³ joules of energy. 
are available from the reaction. Thus, the temperature of the system shall have risen by 3.03 degrees celsius to 24.6 degrees celsius by the end of the reaction.
