Answer:
1, 4, and 5.
Explanation:
Between the 11th to 15th century, there was a waging war between the Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land of Jerusalem. This period of war was termed as the crusades, which was led by Pope Urban II in 1095. He ignited the passion in Europeans to seize the Holy Land from Muslims, which led to crusade for centuries.
The lasting effects that the Crusades had on Europe was, first, the trades and economy in Europe increased. After the Crusade ceased, crusaders found attractive and luxury goods in Middle East, which they seized and also led to the development of many ports to import those goods in Europe. This not only led to developed trade but also to increased economy in Europe.
Second lasting effect of the Crusade was increased power of the Catholic Church over secular affairs. The involvement of Pope and Christians in the Crusades made people percieve Churches as an institution of repairing broken spirits. Therefore, the involvement of Pope and Christians in the Crusades made their access in secular affairs.
Third effect was increased knowledge between cultures. During the Crusades, stepping into new lands of different cultures paved the way for Europeans of increased knowledge about different cultures. They encountered with marble palaces in Middle Eastern states, their splendid dresses, and culture.
Therefore, the correct options are 1, 4, and 5.
