Answer: personal
Explanation:
Based on the information given with regards to the question, this is a personal defense. A personal defense occurs when there's a breach of contract whereby there was issuing of the negotiable instrument.
In this case, Marissa writes the check to Cash but Larry then gives the check to Gary Graduate his nephew, without indorsing it, as a graduation gift
I believe the answer is:
a. cost curves to shift upward
Answer:
A. dividendsminus−received deduction.
Explanation:
This allows companies to avoid mostly third taxes on the same earnings.
It is explained to be a federal tax deduction in the U.S. that is given to certain corporations that get dividends from related entities. The amount of the dividend that a company can deduct from its income tax is tied to how much ownership the company has in the dividend-paying company. However, there are criteria that must be met in order to qualify for a DRD.
The dividends received deduction allows a company that receives a dividend from another company to deduct that dividend from its income and reduce its income tax accordingly.
Answer: reduced by $80 billion
Explanation:
An expansionary gap is when the actual output is more than the potential output. From the question, we are told that an economy is operating with output $400 billion above its natural level, and fiscal policymakers want to close this expansionary gap and that the central bank agrees to adjust the money supply to hold the interest rate constant, so there is no crowding out.
We are also given the marginal propensity to consume is 4/5, and told that the price level is completely fixed in the short run.
To close the expansionary gap, the government would need to reduce its spending. To solve this, we have to calculate the multiplier. This will be:
Multiplier = 1/(1 - MPC)
= 1/(1 - 4/5)
= 1/1-0.8
= 1/0.2
= 5
Therefore, the government expenditure or spending will be reduced by:
= $400 billion/5
=$80 billion
