Answer:
All of these choices are correct.
Explanation:
Cell cycle is the process of growth and division of cell. It comprises of interphase and mitosis. In interphase the cell grows, replicates its genomic content and prepares itself for division. In mitosis the division occurs.
Cell cycle is controlled by a group of kinases called as Cyclin dependent Kinases (CDKs). They act by phosphorylating their substrates. They are of various types like Cdk1, Cdk2, Cdk4 etc. They become active when they bind to a regulatory protein called cyclin. They are also of various types like Cyclin A, Cyclin B, Cyclin C etc. Level of cyclin and corresponding CDK increases and decreases according to the stage of cell cycle. For example in S phase of cell cycle concentration of cyclin A and E shoots up. CDK2 is able to bind to these cyclin molecules and hence it becomes active.
Cell cycle has major checkpoints where the condition of cell is analysed before it proceeds to the next stage of cycle. If any abnormality is detected, repair mechanism is activated or the cell is killed. Checkpoints do not allow cell cycle to proceed in damaged cells.
p53 is a tumor suppressor protein which can halt cell cycle when it detects some abnormality in cell. It usually acts in G1/S checkpoint (before the DNA replication starts in cell) and G2/M checkpoint (before the cell division begins). Hence, all of the above statements are true.
The answer is A. RNA polymerase will be making an mRNA using a single DNA strand as a template. So, for example if the DNA strand is AGGCAGC the mRNA strand will be UCCGUCG.
U= uracil which replaces thymine in mRNA molecules.
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The answers are - creating laws to regulate the amount of pollution, -planting trees at the same rate they are being cut down, -teaching citizens about water consumption and waste.
All three of these measures help people understand the importance of sustainability as well as ensure that on a governmental level, the required steps are being taken that a nation will witness increased dependance on renewable energy sources and not fossil ones.
The reference point = a object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion.
An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point.
You assume that the reference point is stationary, or not moving.
