In order to deprotonate an acid, we must remove protons in order to achieve a more stable conjugate base. For this example, we can use the relationship between carboxylic acid and hydroxide.
Deprotonation is the removal of a proton from a specific type of acid in reaction to its coming into contact with a strong base. The compound formed from this reaction is known as the conjugate base of that acid. The opposite process is also possible and is when a proton is added to a special kind of base. This is a process referred to as protonation, which forms the conjugate acid of that base.
For the example we have chosen to give, the conjugate base is the carboxylate salt. This would be the compound formed by the deprotonated carboxylic acid. The base in question was strong enough to deprotonate the acid due to the greater stability offered as a conjugated base.
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Answer: The ion that contribute to water hardness are:
--> a. Ca2+
--> b. (HCO)3^- and
--> c. Mg2+
While K+ DOES NOT contribute to water hardness.
Explanation:
WATER in chemistry is known as a universal solvent. This is so because it is polar in nature and dissolves most inorganic solutes and some polar organic solutes to form aqueous solutions. It is composed of elements such as hydrogen and oxygen in the combined ratio of 2:1.
Water is said to be HARD if it does not lather readily with soap. There are two types of water hardness:
--> Permanent hardness: This is mainly due to the presence of CALCIUM and MAGNESIUM ions in the form of soluble tetraoxosulphate(VI) and chlorides. These ions are removed by adding washing soda or caustic soda.
--> Temporary hardness: This is due to the presence of calcium HYDROGENTRIOXOCARBONATES. It can be removed by boiling and using slaked lime.
Therefore from the above given ions, Ca2+,(HCO)3^- and Mg2+ contributes to water hardness.
Answer:The boiling point of the solution is 108° C.
Explanation:
Boiling point of pure water=T=
Boiling point of water after addition of 500 g of ethylene glycol=
Mass of water = 500g = 0.5 kg (1000 g = 1 kg)
The boiling point of the solution is 108° C.
Reflection, refraction, and diffraction
Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a surface that they cannot pass through. Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle and start traveling at a different speed.
Answer:
22g
Explanation:
Given parameters:
Mass of element A = 18g
Mass of element B = 4g
Unknown:
Mass of compound formed = ?
Solution:
The reaction equation is given as;
A + B → AB
According to the law of conservation of mass "in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed but changed from one form to another".
Simply mas is conserved and the mass of the reactants is the same as the mass of the product that forms.
Mass of reactants = mass of A + mass of B = 18g + 4g = 22g
So;
Mass of product AB = 22g
