1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Sloan [31]
3 years ago
8

Copper (Cu) has D0=0.16 cm^2/sec, ΔH=2.07 eV, and Aluminum (Al) has D0=0.047 cm2/sec, ΔH=1.28 eV.

Chemistry
1 answer:
iragen [17]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

a) At T = 600 K

D_Cu = (6.48 × 10⁻¹⁹) cm²/sec

D_Al = (8.21 × 10⁻¹³) cm²/sec

b) At their respective melting points

D_Cu at 1083°C = (2.00 × 10⁻⁹) cm²/sec

D_Al at 660°C = (5.70 × 10⁻⁹) cm²/sec

c) Check Explanation.

Explanation:

D = D₀ e^(-ΔH/kT)

k = Boltzmann's constant = (1.38 × 10⁻²³) J/K

And T is in Kelvin

For Cu

D₀ = 0.16 cm²/sec

ΔH = 2.07 eV = (2.07 × 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹) J

= (3.316 × 10⁻¹⁹) J

For Al

D₀ = 0.0407 cm²/sec

ΔH = 1.28 eV = (1.28 × 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹) J

= (2.051 × 10⁻¹⁹) J

a) The diffusion coefficient: D_Cu and D_Al at 600K.

D_Cu = D₀ e^(-ΔH/kT)

D₀ = 0.16 cm²/sec

ΔH = (3.312 × 10⁻¹⁹) J

k = (1.38 × 10⁻²³) J/K

T = 600 K

D = 0.16 × e^[(-3.316 × 10⁻¹⁹)/(1.38 × 10⁻²³ × 600)]

D = 0.16 × e^(-40.048)

D = (6.48 × 10⁻¹⁹) cm²/sec

D_Al

D₀ = 0.0407 cm²/sec

ΔH = (2.051 × 10⁻¹⁹) J

k = (1.38 × 10⁻²³) J/K

T = 600 K

D = 0.047 × e^[(-2.051 × 10⁻¹⁹)/(1.38 × 10⁻²³ × 600)]

D = 0.047 × e^(-24.77)

D = (8.21 × 10⁻¹³) cm²/sec

b) D_Cu and D_Al at their melting point. (T_M for Cu is 1083°C, and for Al is 660°C).

D_Cu = D₀ e^(-ΔH/kT)

D₀ = 0.16 cm²/sec

ΔH = (3.312 × 10⁻¹⁹) J

k = (1.38 × 10⁻²³) J/K

T = 1083°C = 1,356.15 K

D = 0.16 × e^[(-3.316 × 10⁻¹⁹)/(1.38 × 10⁻²³ × 1,356.15)]

D = 0.16 × e^(-40.048)

D = (2.00 × 10⁻⁹) cm²/sec

D_Al

D₀ = 0.0407 cm²/sec

ΔH = (2.051 × 10⁻¹⁹) J

k = (1.38 × 10⁻²³) J/K

T = 660°C = 933.15 K

D = 0.047 × e^[(-2.051 × 10⁻¹⁹)/(1.38 × 10⁻²³ × 933.15)]

D = 0.047 × e^(-24.77)

D = (5.70 × 10⁻⁹) cm²/sec

c) The diffusion coefficient for substances increase as we move from solid state to liquid state to gaseous state.

And from the calculations, it is evident that these metals have a higher diffusion coefficient at/close to their melting points.

- So, to obtain high diffusion coefficients for metal contact in electronic circuits, temperatures as high and close to their melting points should be used.

- Of the two metals, Al and Cu, at the two points where the calculations were carried out, Aluminium has a higher diffusion coefficient at both points, hence, it's a better choice for interconnects.

Hope this Helps!!!

You might be interested in
Colligative properties depend upon
olga_2 [115]
C number of particles dissolved
5 0
3 years ago
Round off the following to three significant figures 0.032000000cg
tino4ka555 [31]
<span>0.032000000 cg

Rounding off  ........>

0.0320 cg

The last zero means the measurement is accurate to that digit
</span>
6 0
3 years ago
List two general properties of molecular compounds
Katen [24]

Low melting points and boiling points. ...Low enthalpies of fusion and vaporization These properties are usually one or two orders of magnitude smaller than they are for ionic compounds.Soft or brittle solid forms. ...Poor electrical and thermal conductivity.
5 0
3 years ago
Blue and orange, which color can be best absorbed?
baherus [9]

Blue is the color that can be best absorbed, as orange is the color seen.

6 0
3 years ago
What is the net charge of the ionic compound calcium fluoride
yKpoI14uk [10]

Answer:

  • <em>The net charge of the ionic compound calcium fluoride is </em><u><em>zero (0).</em></u>

<em>Explanation:</em>

<em>Ionic compounds,</em> such as covalent ones, have zero net charge; this is, they are neutral.

Substances with net positive charge are cations and substances with net negative charge are anions.

The charges in the <em>ionic compound calcium flouride</em> are distributed in this way:

  • Compound formula: CaF₂

  • Calcium charge: Ca²⁺: this is, each calcium ion has a 2 positive charge

  • Fluoride charge: F⁻: each fluoride ion has a 1 negative charge.

  • Then, the <em>net charge</em> is: 1 × (2+) + 2 × (1-) = +2 - 2 = 0.

So, a two positve charge, from one calcium ion, is equal to two negative charges, from two fluoride tions, yielding a <u>zero net charge</u>.

8 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Which action is not an accomplishment of the Apollo missions?
    13·1 answer
  • What is the resulting pressure when you transfer gas from cylinder with a temperature of 22°C and the pressure of four atm into
    12·1 answer
  • the solid above sink to the bottom when you put a container filled with it what does that tell you about density
    14·1 answer
  • If an unknown element displays many extremely strong metallic properties, where is it most likely to be located on the periodic
    13·2 answers
  • What is the percentage of nitrogen in the fertilizer urea ((nh2) 2co)
    13·1 answer
  • Which element in period 2 has six electrons in its electron dot structure?
    11·1 answer
  • Valence electrons are found by looking at what _________________ the atom is in on the periodic table. 
    13·2 answers
  • A bacterial colony is grown in a laboratory under controlled conditions. Based on the data, we would expect the bacterial popula
    15·2 answers
  • Which of the following could be a benefit of climate change?
    15·1 answer
  • MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq) → MnCl2(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2O How many grams of HCl are required to produce 11.2 liters of Cl2? The reaction occ
    10·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!