This would be more of a chemistry question. Remember magnesium has a charge of 2+, and would need to hand off its two extra electrons. Fluorine can only take one electron at a time, so there needs to be two fluorines to take one magnesium's 2 electrons.
With lithium, it has a +1 charge, so it has one extra electron, which it can hand off to just 1 fluorine atom.
Another way of looking at this is:

+ 2

= MgF2 (the charges must balance out to zero)

+

= LiF (the charges balance out to zero)
Answer: 4 s
Explanation:
Given
The ball leaves the hand of student with a speed of 
When the hand is
above the ground
Using the equation of motion we can write

Substitute the values
![\Rightarrow 2.5=-19t+0.5\times 9.8t^2\\\Rightarrow 4.9t^2-19t-2.5=0\\\\\Rightarrow t=\dfrac{19\pm \sqrt{(-19)^2-4\times 4.9\times (-2.5)}}{2\times 19}\\\Rightarrow t=4.0049\quad [\text{Neglecting the negative value of }t]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CRightarrow%202.5%3D-19t%2B0.5%5Ctimes%209.8t%5E2%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%204.9t%5E2-19t-2.5%3D0%5C%5C%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20t%3D%5Cdfrac%7B19%5Cpm%20%5Csqrt%7B%28-19%29%5E2-4%5Ctimes%204.9%5Ctimes%20%28-2.5%29%7D%7D%7B2%5Ctimes%2019%7D%5C%5C%5CRightarrow%20t%3D4.0049%5Cquad%20%5B%5Ctext%7BNeglecting%20the%20negative%20value%20of%20%7Dt%5D)
Thus, the ball will take 4 s to hit the ground.
Average speed = (total distance covered) / (time to cover the distance)
Total distance = (77km + 66km) = 143 kilometers
Time to cover the distance = 2 hours
Average speed = (143 km) / (2 hours) = 71.5 km per hour
<span>0.52%
First, let's convert that speed into m/s.
150 km/h * 1000 m/km / 3600 s/h = 41.667 m/s
Now let's see how much time gravity has to work on the ball. Divide the distance by the speed.
18 m / 41.667 m/s = 0.431996544 s
Now multiply that time by the gravitational acceleration to see what the vertical component to the ball's speed that gravity adds.
0.431996544 s * 9.8 m/s^2 = 4.233566131 m/s
Use the pythagorean theorem to get the new velocity of the ball.
sqrt(41.667^2 + 4.234^2) = 41.882 m/s
Finally, let's see what the difference is
(41.882 - 41.667)/41.667 = 0.005159959 = 0.5159959%
Rounding to 2 figures, gives 0.52%</span>