Answer:
No padding
Explanation:
64 bytes is taken as the minimum Ethernet frame, this encompass checksum as well as addresses in the Ethernet frame header and length field. while the maximum Ethernet frame is 1518 bytes, any minimumEthernet frame that is short compare to that will need receiving stations to interpret it as a collision. The question specified that the IP packet to be transmitted by Ethernet as 60 bytes long. The header fields here can occupy 18 bytes, Then total frame size becomes 78 bytes. With the total frame size of 78 bytes(60 bytes+ 18 bytes) we can see it has exceeded the 64-byte minimum. Hence there is no padding used.
Answer: -26
Explanation:
We have: 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
Since it’s one’s complement representation, then we check the very first digit to state if the number is negative or positive. Since the very first digit to the left is 1, then the number will be negative.
When it is negative, we now flip the bits, so that we get:
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
Notice we just turn the 1’s into 0’s and vice versa.
We now convert this binary into decimal:
We assign to each digit the corresponding power of 2.
See it in a table:
Then multiplying each digit by its corresponding power of 2 and then adding the results, we get:
We get:
Since we stated that the number is negative, then, the final result is: -26
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