The issue of whether human activities cause global climate change is indeed a controversial topic. The limitation to climate research that could be overcome through scientific design is "Data from a wide range of time periods must be analyzed." Very powerful, or Super Computers, are required to analyze large amounts of data. The sooner more powerful computers are developed, the sooner data from the wide range of time periods can be analyzed. This will give scientists a better idea of the extent of global warming, if any, and how to prevent it.
The nurse should create a therapeutic and safe environment for the client who is blind while fostering as much independence as possible
<h3>What interventions should the nurse implement for this client ?</h3>
Offer the client an elbow for guidance while walking slightly ahead and describing the environment. Announce room entry and exit to orient and avoid startling the client
- When caring for a client who is blind, the nurse should create a safe therapeutic environment and foster client independence by orienting the client to the surroundings, announcing room entry and exit
- guiding the client by offering an elbow and walking slightly in front, using a clock-face description to orient the client to the location of objects, and asking the client directly about preferences.
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Chapter 4: Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases (E00-E89). Diabetes mellitus codes falls within the code range E08-E13. These chapter-specific diabetes guidelines contain six primary criteria:
Type of diabetes
Type of diabetes mellitus not documented
Diabetes mellitus and the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and gestational diabetes
Complications due to insulin pump malfunction
(a) Underdose of insulin due to insulin pump failure
(b) Overdoes of insulin due to insulin pump failure
Secondary diabetes mellitus
(a) Secondary diabetes mellitus and the use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs
(b) Assigning and sequencing secondary diabetes codes and causes
(i) Secondary diabetes mellitus due to pancreatectomy
(ii) Secondary diabetes due to drugs
New revisions for 2018 are the following two sections (3 and 6) for the coding of diabetes (the bolded wording represents the additions/revisions for FY2018):
3) Diabetes mellitus and the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemics
If the documentation in a medical record does not indicate the type of diabetes but does indicate that the patient uses insulin, code E11-, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, should be assigned. An additional code should be assigned from category Z79 to identify the long-term (current) use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs. If the patient is treated with both oral medications and insulin, only the code for long-term (current) use of insulin should be assigned. Code Z79.4 should not be assigned if insulin is given temporarily to bring a type 2 patient’s blood sugar under control during an encounter.
6) Secondary diabetes mellitus
Codes under categories E08, Diabetes mellitus due to underlying condition, E09, Drug- or chemical-induced diabetes mellitus, and E13, Other specified diabetes mellitus, identify complications/manifestations associated with secondary diabetes mellitus. Secondary diabetes is always caused by another condition or event (e.g., cystic fibrosis, malignant neoplasm of pancreas, pancreatectomy, adverse effect of drug, or poisoning).
(a) Secondary diabetes mellitus and the use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs
For patients with secondary diabetes mellitus who routinely use insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, an additional code from category Z79 should be assigned to identify the long-term (current) use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs. If the patient is treated with both oral medications and insulin, only the code for long-term (current) use of insulin should be assigned Code Z79.4 should not be assigned if insulin is given temporarily to bring a type 2 patient’s blood sugar under control during an encounter.
