Answer:
Hemophilia is a x-linked recessive inherited bleeding disorder. in this disease blood does not clot properly due to the decreased level of blood clotting factor VIII (8) or factor IX (9).
In x-linked recessive condition, the disease is transmitted from father (affected male) to his daughter and mother (affected female) to her son and skip of generation getting affected is also occurs.
- there will be 50% chance of her (S.R.) each son to be affected with hemophilia.
Explanation:
Hemophilia is caused due to mutation of one gene which is responsible for the making of proteins of blood coagulation factor viii or ix. the affected person bleeds continuously from any injury and that can cause serious issues.
here,
grandfather of s.r is affected (xₐy) and grandmother is normal (xx) will produce
↓
s.r's mother who is a carrier (xₐx) [as xₐy and xx will produce 100% carrier xₐx daughter]
↓
s.r's mother is a carrier (xₐx) but her father is normal (xy) will produce,
↓
s.r who has 50% chance of being carrier (xₐx) and 50% chance of being normal (xx) [as she is the only child] and she has a normal (xy) partner, they will give,
↓
- if s.r is a carrier (xₐx) then one of her son will be affected (xₐy) [as xₐx and xy =xₐy]
- if s.r is normal (xx) then her son will be normal (xy) [as xx and xy will give xy]
here,<u> 50% chance of her son to be affected with hemophilia</u> [as S.R of being affected is more considerable].
When scientists try to use the explanation of the natural world to understand patterns, they are making PREDICTIONS about natural events. For example, volcanic eruptions.
Vacuole is the answer.
Wilting is the loss of rigidity of non woody parts of plants and occurs when turgor pressure falls.
The vacuole controls turgor pressure. Turgor pressure dictates the rigidity of the cell and is associated with the difference between the osmotic pressure inside and outside the cell.
When a plant receives adequate amounts of water, the central vacuoles of its cells swell as the liquid collects within them creating a high level of turgor pressure which helps maintain the structural integrity of the plant along with the support of the cell wall.
In the absence of enough water , central vacuoles shrink and turgor pressure is reduced compromising the plant's rigidity so that wilting takes place.
A. they are drugs or hormones used to prevent osteoporosis
