Question 9. The first one is the smallest. Anything with a negative exponent is going to be less than 1, the .00000241. The exponent tells you the number of zeroes to the right of the decimal point. Farther to right gets smaller and smaller.
Question 10. The last one is true. If the last digit is smaller than 5, drop the digit, and do not change. (If it is a 5 or larger, the digit before it would round up)
Answer:
1. A bond where electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in charge imbalance in each atom is called ionic bonding.
2. A bond where electrons are equally shared, resulting in equal numbers of electrons orbiting each atom is called non-polar covalent bond.
3. A bond where electrons are unequally shared, resulting in more electrons orbiting certain atoms than others is called a polar covalent bond.
4. A bond where the electronegativity differences between the atoms within a molecule result in the partially positive atoms of one molecule attracting the partially negative atoms of other molecules is called polar bond and it is part of the covalent bonds.
Explanation:
1. In ionic bonding process, electrons are enterely transferred from one atom to another either losing or gaining negatively charged electrons, and the reacting atoms form ions. A charge imbalance is caused then by the oppositely charged ions, when attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, the basis of the ionic bond.
2. A non-polar covalent bond is occurs when two atoms have same electron afinity to share their electrons equally. The closer the values of their electron affinity, the stronger the attractionis. This is created in diatomic elements or gas molecules.
3. A polar covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two electrons are unequally shared between two atoms, electrons are not equally shared because one atom spends more time with the electrons than the other atom, resulting in more electrons orbiting certain atoms than others.
4. The polar bond is a type of covalent bonds. This bonds depends on atoms´electronegativity differences. If an atom is less electronegative, it means that the electron distribution or charge is unevenly distributed or polarized and then it becomes partially positive.
Answer:
However, various hydrogen isotopes, such as H-2, have one proton and one neutron; H-3 has one proton and two neutrons, etc. The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus is its atomic mass. Thus, the atomic mass of the H-2 isotope is two, the atomic mass of the H-3 isotope is three, and so forth.
Explanation:
Answer: 27.09 ppm and 0.003 %.
First, <u>for air pollutants, ppm refers to parts of steam or gas per million parts of contaminated air, which can be expressed as cm³ / m³. </u>Therefore, we must find the volume of CO that represents 35 mg of this gas at a temperature of -30 ° C and a pressure of 0.92 atm.
Note: we consider 35 mg since this is the acceptable hourly average concentration of CO per cubic meter m³ of contaminated air established in the "National Ambient Air Quality Objectives". The volume of these 35 mg of gas will change according to the atmospheric conditions in which they are.
So, according to the <em>law of ideal gases,</em>
PV = nRT
where P, V, n and T are the pressure, volume, moles and temperature of the gas in question while R is the constant gas (0.082057 atm L / mol K)
The moles of CO will be,
n = 35 mg x 
x 
→ n = 0.00125 mol
We clear V from the equation and substitute P = 0.92 atm and
T = -30 ° C + 273.15 K = 243.15 K
V = 
→ V = 0.0271 L
As 1000 cm³ = 1 L then,
V = 0.0271 L x 
= 27.09 cm³
<u>Then the acceptable concentration </u><u>c</u><u> of CO in ppm is,</u>
c = 27 cm³ / m³ = 27 ppm
<u>To express this concentration in percent by volume </u>we must consider that 1 000 000 cm³ = 1 m³ to convert 27.09 cm³ in m³ and multiply the result by 100%:
c = 27.09 
x 
x 100%
c = 0.003 %
So, <u>the acceptable concentration of CO if the temperature is -30 °C and pressure is 0.92 atm in ppm and as a percent by volume is </u>27.09 ppm and 0.003 %.
