Answer:
The various steps in the transcription and translation process of protein synthesis are described below.
Explanation:
Proteins (made up of amino acids) have an important role in the various functioning process of an organism. Protein synthesis which takes place in the cells of an organism consists of two major processes: transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein).
Transcription: It is the first process in protein synthesis which occurs in the cell nucleus where a single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA) is created using a DNA strand and the genetic instructions in DNA are transferred to this mRNA. The steps in transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination. The beginning process known as initiation occurs when an enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a promoter (region of a gene) and the DNA unwinds. One of the DNA strands acts as a template and the enzyme reads the bases in the template DNA strand.
The next step is elongation, where the RNA polymerase builds a strand of mRNA by the addition of nucleotides using complementary base pairs. Here, adenine (A) in the DNA binds to uracil (U) in the RNA. Termination is the last step in which the transcription process ends when the RNA polymerase comes across a termination sequence in the gene. Thus, the completed single-stranded mRNA detaches from DNA.
Translation: It is the second process in protein synthesis which occurs in the ribosome of the cell where the genetic information in mRNA is used to create a protein from amino acids. A triplet of nucleotides is called a codon and they define amino acids. There are 64 possible codons and the codon, AUG acts as the start codon which initiates translation in addition to specifying the amino acid methionine. In the initiation step, the first amino acid in the polypeptide chain is brought by transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to bind to the start codon of mRNA. During elongation, each type of tRNAs in the cytoplasm bound to a specific codon on the mRNA template and adds the corresponding amino acid to the polypeptide chain. Stop codons (UAA, UAG, or UGA) terminate protein synthesis and release the polypeptide.
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Answer:
gas particles are very losely packed then liquid
The correct answer is that a bacteriophage lambda chromosome containing the human collagen gene, because Recombinant DNA is the name given to DNA molecules that have part of DNA derived from two or more sources, usually these sources are different species. Recombinant DNA technology is also known as molecular cloning or even gene cloning.
B. A bacteriophage lambda chromosome containing the human collagen gene
<h3>How is recombinant DNA produced?</h3>
Obtaining recombinant DNA is based on the molecular cloning technique. The process can be summarized as follows:
- The first step is to isolate a DNA fragment, which contains the gene of interest. Remember that each gene makes a protein.
- The gene of interest, now isolated, is placed in a medium with a fragment of circular bacterial DNA, the plasmid and the restriction enzymes.
- The bacterial plasmid has the ability to insert a fragment of DNA external to its own genome.
<h3>What is DNA and what is it for?</h3>
DNA is the structure responsible for the transmission of all genetic characteristics — such as eye, skin and hair color, physiognomy, among others — in the process of reproduction of living beings. Thus, the main function of DNA is to transport information contained in its sequences, called genes.
Learn more about DNA in brainly.com/question/264225
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Answer: Codon
Explanation: A codon is a triplet of nucleotides in an mRNA that codes for specific amino acids. There are 64 possible codons. They are called the genetic codes. Three of these codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) do not code any known amino acid and are thus called termination codons. One of the codons (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and is thus called initiation codon.
