Answer:
Environmental issues, green chemistry, genetics, classification, cells, and energy. Choose anyone
Answer:
All of these choices are correct.
Explanation:
Cell cycle is the process of growth and division of cell. It comprises of interphase and mitosis. In interphase the cell grows, replicates its genomic content and prepares itself for division. In mitosis the division occurs.
Cell cycle is controlled by a group of kinases called as Cyclin dependent Kinases (CDKs). They act by phosphorylating their substrates. They are of various types like Cdk1, Cdk2, Cdk4 etc. They become active when they bind to a regulatory protein called cyclin. They are also of various types like Cyclin A, Cyclin B, Cyclin C etc. Level of cyclin and corresponding CDK increases and decreases according to the stage of cell cycle. For example in S phase of cell cycle concentration of cyclin A and E shoots up. CDK2 is able to bind to these cyclin molecules and hence it becomes active.
Cell cycle has major checkpoints where the condition of cell is analysed before it proceeds to the next stage of cycle. If any abnormality is detected, repair mechanism is activated or the cell is killed. Checkpoints do not allow cell cycle to proceed in damaged cells.
p53 is a tumor suppressor protein which can halt cell cycle when it detects some abnormality in cell. It usually acts in G1/S checkpoint (before the DNA replication starts in cell) and G2/M checkpoint (before the cell division begins). Hence, all of the above statements are true.
Answer:
Cofilin binds to older actin filaments
Explanation:
Microfilaments (also called actin filaments) are a class of protein filament common to all eukaryotic cells, which consist of two strands of subunits of the protein actin. Microfilaments form part of the cell's cytoskeleton and interact with the protein myosin in order to allow the movement of the cell. Within the cell, actin may show two different forms: monomeric G-actin and polymeric F-actin filaments. Microfilaments provide shape to the cell because these filaments can depolymerize (disassemble) and polymerize (assembly) quickly, thereby allowing the cell to change its shape. During the polymerization process, the ATP that is bound to G-actin is hydrolyzed to ADP, which is bound to F-actin. ATP-actin subunits are present at the barbed ends of the filaments, and cleavage of the ATP molecules produces highly stable filaments bound to ADP. In consequence, it is expected that cofilin binds preferentially to highly stable (older) filaments ADP-actin filaments instead of ATP-actin filaments.
Answer:
Gram positive bacteria are more resistant than gram negative bacteria to antimicrobials that disrupt plasma membranes because they have cell wall that is made up of a thick layer of peptidologlycan that contain teichoic and lipoteichoic acid to peptidoglycan.
Explanation:
Gram positive bacteria are bacteria that have thick wall made up of peptidoglycan and have no lipid membrane while gram negative bacteria are bacteria that have thin cell wall composed of peptidoglycan with lipid membrane.
Gram positive bacteria is resistant to antibiotics because of their thick cell wall composed of peptidoglylcan which contain teichoic and lipoteichoic acid , this help strengthen the plasma membranes and make them not to be attached by antimicrobial compared to gram negative that lack this.
Answer: Fungi are microscopic heterotrophic living organisms that grow as long threads called hyphae. In terms of their function, they can be divided into-
Parasitic fungus that obtains nutrients from living host while harming it, mutualistic fungus that obtains nutrients and inturn provides benefit provides to the host, and saprophytic fungus that are mainly classified as decomposers.
Thus, correct match is as-
A) Parasitic fungus- 4) lives within the blood of another organism and causes disease
B) Mutualistic fungus - 5) lives around the roots of a tree and provides nutrients to the tree
C) Saprophytic fungus- 2) lives in a marsh environment and aids in biodegradation.
