Answer:
amino acids
Explanation:
Proteins are made up of small units called amino acids. The proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. In addition to nitrogen, proteins may contain phosphorus or sulphur or both. The proteins are referred to as nitrogenous compounds because they contain nitrogen element.
Answer:
Stress
Explanation:
Environmental stressing agent such as starvation or exposure to toxic chemicals may cause the Phage Lambda to excise and enter the lytic cycle.
Answer:
If there is a change in the gene, this can further create a new generation of organisms with this change. With certain changes, it enables organisms to survive in other conditions.
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Answer:
Frequency of p 
Frequency of p 
Number of individuals with homozygous dominant (AA) 
Number of individuals with heterozygous (Aa)
Number of individuals with homozygous recessive (aa) 
Explanation:
Out of 100 people, 10 have albino skin (aa)
So, the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals 
is 
Now, q will be
As per Hardy Weinberg's equation -
Substituting the value of q in above equation, we get -
Now the frequency of homozygous dominant (AA) will be
Hence, out of 100 people 
people are homozygous dominant (AA)
Like wise out of 100 people 
people are homozygous recessive (aa)
As per As per Hardy Weinberg's equation-
Substituting the values in above equation, we get -
So, out of 100 people 
people are heterozygous (Aa)
Answer:
I am writing this in response to a letter regarding evolution. Evolution is increasingly solid, not shaky. Darwin’s “theory” or explanation was a way of understanding what he had discovered (which did not include genes, chromosomes, DNA or nucleotide bases). Our explanations now include genetics and the commonality of mutation.
Proofs are solid, not in question by serious scientists. Direct observation is one, which we see in the fact that this year’s flu evolved a little too far from last year’s, so flu shots are less effective this year than we would like them to be.
Fossils tell the story well: whales with legs, dinosaurs with feathers and Tiktaalik. The latter was found in the Canadian north and is part fish, part amphibian, before there were ever any amphibians. Imperfection is a good proof: think of your useless appendix, the very bad design of your ankles, knees, and back (talk to a chiropractor about that). You have big toes because they used to be useful thumbs for your grasping feet.
Many other animals and even plants similarly have flaws that show their evolutionary past. Two large human chromosomes reflect the coming together of two chimpanzee chromosomes each.
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