To help a lender decide whether a person is a good credit risk.
Cashback rewards are not the purpose of credit reports, and credit reports do NOT only provide derogatory information.
Balance carried forward. Previous balance on an account which is carried over to be next billing period. Depending on the account terms, additional fees may be accessed if the total balance carried forward exceeds a certain amount.
Answer:
Under CAPM:
Re = Rf + Beta(Rm - Rf)
Rf = 5%
Rm - Rf = 6%
Beta = 1.25
Re = 5% + (1.25 x 6%) = 12.5%
Under dividend discount model:
Re = (Div₁ / P₀) + g
Div₁ = $1.20
P₀ = $35
g = 8%
Re = ($1.20 / $35) + 8% = 11.43%
Under bond yield plus risk premium approach:
Re = Pre-tax cost of debt + risk premium over its own debt
Pre-tax cost of debt = 7%
risk premium over its own debt = 4%
Re = 7% + 4% = 11%
The highest cost of equity results from the CAPM model and it is 12.5% while the lowest results from using the bond yield plus risk approach (11%), the difference is 1.5% between them.
The answer to the nation who is one with unstable leadership, whose policies are driven by ideology rather than by economic or human costs and benefits is the rogue nation. Also the rogue nation does not respect other nations and even the other countries in its international actions.