Intermolecular forces lead to the assembly of microscopic systems. They are responsible for the cohesion of matter in most macroscopic phases. These are weak forces compared to covalent bond strengths. They do not modify the nature of the molecular species and only influence their mode of assembly. The most well-known intermolecular bonds are the Van der Waals bond and the hydrogen bond.
The greater the intermolecular forces, the more the aspect of the element will tend to be more condensed (gas <liquid <solid).
The cactus spines keep predators away and prevent different organisms from eating it. This helps it to survive in the desert. Another adaptation is very thick, waxy cuticle help to reduce water loss by evaporation.
