Answer:
Option b. Effective nuclear charge increases as we move to the right across a row in the periodic table
Explanation:
The <em>effective nuclear charge </em>is a measure of how strong the protons in the nucleus of an atom attract the outermost electrons of such atom.
The <em>effective nuclear charge</em> is the net positive charge experienced by valence electrons and is calculated (as an approximation) by the equation: Zeff = Z – S, where Z is the atomic number and S is the number of shielding electrons.
The shielding electrons are those electrons in between the interesting electrons and the nucleus of the atom.
Since the shielding electrons are closer to the nucleus, they repel the outermost electrons and so cancel some of the attraction exerted by the positive charge of the nucleus, meaning that the outermost electrons feel less the efect of attraction of the protons. That is why in the equation of Zeff, the shielding electrons (S) subtract the total from the atomic number Z.
The <em>effective nuclear charge</em>, then, is responsible for some properties and trends in the periodic table. Here, you can see how this explains the trend of the atomic radius (size of the atom) accross a row in the periodic table.
- As the<em> effective nuclear charge</em> is larger, in a same row of the periodic table, the shielding effect is lower, the outermost electrons are more strongly attracted by the nucleus, and the size of the atoms decrease. That is why as we move to the right in the periodic table, the size of the atoms decrease.
Answer:Sound waves are longitudinal waves that is, are transmitted in the same direction of oscillation of the particles in the medium. Electromagnetic waves are transverse ie, the electric and magnetic fields, which are perpendicular to each other, oscillate perpendicularly to the direction of wave propagation.
Explanation:
Answer:
a)
b)
Explanation:
a)
= mass of the asteroid = 43000 kg
= initial speed of asteroid = 7600 m/s
= final speed of asteroid = 5000 m/s
= Work done by the force on asteroid
Using work-change in kinetic energy theorem
b)
= magnitude of force on asteroid
= distance traveled by asteroid while it slows down = 1.4 x 10⁶ m
Work done by the force on the asteroid to slow it down is given as
The same volume of aluminum has a smaller mass than iron and aircrafts better be light.
