<span>The notion of hybrid orbitals was "invented" by Linus Pauling in 1931 to explain the observed geometry of mostly organic molecules. Today, we find that hybrid orbitals are pretty much confined to the central atoms found in the second period of the periodic table. Periods 3 and up .... not so much.
(a) H2O ..... O is the central atom, tetrahedral, sp3 hybridization (b) PBr5 .... P is the central atom, maybe sp2 for the three equatorial bonds * (c) COCl2.. C is the central atom, trigonal planar, sp2 hybridization </span>
Negative ions are attracted to the anode. In the process of electrolysis, current can flow through a liquid because negative ions are attracted to the anode.
