The correct answer is option A, that is, development often causes habitat fragmentation, which can threaten biodiversity.
Fragmentation is usually illustrated as a reduction in some of all the kinds of natural habitats in a landscape, and the differentiation of a landscape into smaller and more isolated segments. With the development of the fragmentation process, the ecological influences will modify.
Fragmentation can be a result of natural procedures like floods, fires, and volcanic activity, but it is more generally caused due to human activities like an increase in the number of roads, housing developments, shopping centers, and parking lots.
With the enhancement in human activities, the effect of fragmentation become more. Eventually, it results in the devastating influences on the local species, a complete modification to the landscape, and the loss of the region's wilderness heritage.
Root hair cells are adapted for taking up water and mineral ions by having a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption. They also contain lots of mitochondria , which release energy from glucose during respiration in order to provide the energy needed for active transport.
Confirm that the sample has both helicase and primase activities, but not the ability to synthesize DNA
- The replisome is a multiprotein-RNA complex that is required for the replication of DNA. The replisome consists of different proteins which include:
1. Helicase enzymes that unwind and separate the DNA strand
2. Replication factor C (RFC), a DNA-dependent ATP that acts as an activator of DNA polymerase.
3. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)
4. DNA gyrase/topoisomerase that cuts and reseals DNA strands, which is essential for DNA synthesis.
5. Primase enzyme that synthesizes short RNA fragments called primers.
6. DNA polymerase III, an enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into a DNA strand.
7. DNA ligases enzymes that form phosphodiester bonds at a single-strand break in DNA
- A primosome is a multiprotein complex responsible for creating RNA primers on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) during the replication process.
- The primosome is composed of different primase and helicase enzymes. In<em> Escherichia coli</em>, it consists of PriA helicase, PriB, PriC, DnaB helicase, DnaG (encoded by the dnaG gene), DnaC and DnaT primase.
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Answer:
he organisms that can fix energy from inorganic sources into organic molecules are called autotrophs. Organisms that cannot make their food from inorganic sources but depend on energy rich organic molecules synthesized by autotrophs for their energy needs are called heterotrophs.
The only source of energy for all the ecosystems of the earth is the sun. Light falling on the plants is trapped by the producers or autotrophs in the presence of chlorophyll and is used in synthesizing the organic food called glucose by the process of photosynthesis. By photosynthesis radiant energy of sunlight is transformed into potential energy of food. A part of this energy is trapped by the producers while the rest of the energy is dissipated. The remaining part of energy which is used in the synthesis of plant biomass is called photosynthate which is then available to the next trophic level in the food chain that is the consumers or heterotrophs. In an ecosystem there is a unidirectional flow of energy.
