Question

Shannon and ian, student consultants, chose a home construction business as a client for a semester strategic planning assignment. upon examination of the client's financial statements, the students discover that their client has been cheating the government out of several thousand dollars a year in taxes. their client is a company owned by a couple who are in their late 50s and who have two children in college. shannon and ian are the only persons other than the owners who are in a position to know about this situation. which ethical principle should guide shannon and ian in their decision whether or not to report the owners to the internal revenue service?
a. ethical relativism should always be adhered to before ethical universalism when dealing within boundaries of a country's culture and norms.
b. there is no such thing as "moral free space"-all ethical standards are determined by societal norms, and individuals have an implied social contract to live up to these standards.
c. few nations or cultures have common moral agreement on what is ethically right and wrong.
d. there should be no absolute limits put on what actions and behaviors fall inside the boundaries of what is ethically or morally right and which actions/behaviors fall outside.
e. adherence to universal ethical norms always takes precedence over local ethical norms

Answer 1

Answer:

E. Adherence to universal ethical norms always takes precedence over local ethical norms.

Explanation: Adherence to universal or "first-order" ethical norms should always take precedence over local or "second-order" norms. In instances involving universally applicable ethical norms (like paying bribes), there can be no compromise on what is ethically permissible and what is not.