Hat is the slope of a line perpendicular to y = -4x - 1
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Substitute 
, so that
![\dfrac{\mathrm d^2y}{\mathrm dx^2}=\dfrac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dx}\left[\dfrac1x\dfrac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dz}\right]=-\dfrac1{x^2}\dfrac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dz}+\dfrac1x\left(\dfrac1x\dfrac{\mathrm d^2y}{\mathrm dz^2}\right)=\dfrac1{x^2}\left(\dfrac{\mathrm d^2y}{\mathrm dz^2}-\dfrac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dz}\right)](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cdfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%20d%5E2y%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%20dx%5E2%7D%3D%5Cdfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%20d%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%20dx%7D%5Cleft%5B%5Cdfrac1x%5Cdfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%20dy%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%20dz%7D%5Cright%5D%3D-%5Cdfrac1%7Bx%5E2%7D%5Cdfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%20dy%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%20dz%7D%2B%5Cdfrac1x%5Cleft%28%5Cdfrac1x%5Cdfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%20d%5E2y%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%20dz%5E2%7D%5Cright%29%3D%5Cdfrac1%7Bx%5E2%7D%5Cleft%28%5Cdfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%20d%5E2y%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%20dz%5E2%7D-%5Cdfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%20dy%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%20dz%7D%5Cright%29)
Then the ODE becomes
which has the characteristic equation
with roots at 
. This means the characteristic solution for 
is
and in terms of
, this is
From the given initial conditions, we find
so the particular solution to the IVP is
Then the ODE becomes
which has the characteristic equation
and in terms of
From the given initial conditions, we find
so the particular solution to the IVP is