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Part A: carbohydrates are made of saccharides while lipids are made of fatty acids and glycerol
Part B: They both provide with energy
Part C: Sorry I don't remember
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There are three main steps to DNA replication: initiation, elongation, and termination. In order to fit within a cell's nucleus, DNA is packed into tightly coiled structures called chromatin, which loosens prior to replication, allowing the cell replication machinery to access the DNA strands.
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1. Magnesium and oxygen atoms bond to form an ionic compound; this is evident because one forms a cation and the other an anion. When an ionic compound is formed, one atom "steals" an electron (or electrons) from another. In this case, an oxygen atom (which is pretty electronegative by the way) "steals" 2 electrons from a magnesium atom. The resulting oxygen anion and magnesium cation attract one another to form a bond (more specifically, an ionic one).
2. The oxygen atom needed two sodium atoms to bond because it needs two additional electrons to achieve a stable octet of electrons. 1 sodium atom provides 1 additional electron after it is "stolen" by oxygen, so 2 sodium atoms are needed in total to form the bond.
3. The magnesium atom needed two fluorine atoms to bond because it needs to lose two electrons to achieve a stable configuration/octet of electrons. 1 fluorine atom "steals" one electron, so 2 are needed in total.
Happy Holidays!
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Main sequence stars fuse hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores. About 90 percent of the stars in the universe, including the sun, are main sequence stars. These stars can range from about a tenth of the mass of the sun to up to 200 times as massive.
Stars start their lives as clouds of dust and gas. Gravity draws these clouds together. A small protostar forms, powered by the collapsing material. Protostars often form in densely packed clouds of gas and can be challenging to detect.
"Nature doesn't form stars in isolation," Mark Morris, of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLS), said in a statement. "It forms them in clusters, out of natal clouds that collapse under their own gravity."
Smaller bodies — with less than 0.08 the sun's mass — cannot reach the stage of nuclear fusion at their core. Instead, they become brown dwarfs, stars that never ignite. But if the body has sufficient mass, the collapsing gas and dust burns hotter, eventually reaching temperatures sufficient to fuse hydrogen into helium. The star turns on and becomes a main sequence star, powered by hydrogen fusion. Fusion produces an outward pressure that balances with the inward pressure caused by gravity, stabilizing the star.
How long a main sequence star lives depends on how massive it is. A higher-mass star may have more material, but it burns through it faster due to higher core temperatures caused by greater gravitational forces. While the sun will spend about 10 billion years on the main sequence, a star 10 times as massive will stick around for only 20 million years. A red dwarf, which is half as massive as the sun, can last 80 to 100 billion years, which is far longer than the universe's age of 13.8 billion years. (This long lifetime is one reason red dwarfs are considered to be good sources for planets hosting life, because they are stable for such a long time.)
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I hope this helped!
