Geologists have a rule of thumb: when molten rock cools and solidifies, crystals of compounds with the smallest lattice energies appear at the bottom of the mass because of high power of solubility.
<h3>What is lattice energy? </h3>
The lattice energy is defined as the energy change upon the formation of one mole of crystalline ionic compound from its same constituent ions, that are assumed to be initially in the state of gases. It is also defined as measure of the cohesive forces which bind ionic solids together.
As the lattice energy of the ionic compound increase the solubility of that particular compound decrease. Hence compound which have low lattice energy are more soluble than compound having high lattice energy. When molten rocks cools and solidified, the compound having smallest lattice energy become more soluble than crystals of compound which have large lattice energy. Therefore, crystal of compound with the smallest lattice energy start appearing at the bottom of the mass.
Thus, we concluded that due to high solubility power of compound with low lattice energy appear at the bottom of the mass.
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Answer:
D) anomalous volcanoes such as those in Hawaii
Answer:
a. 1.78x10⁻³ = Ka
2.75 = pKa
b. It is irrelevant.
Explanation:
a. The neutralization of a weak acid, HA, with a base can help to find Ka of the acid.
Equilibrium is:
HA ⇄ H⁺ + A⁻
And Ka is defined as:
Ka = [H⁺] [A⁻] / [HA]
The HA reacts with the base, XOH, thus:
HA + XOH → H₂O + A⁻ + X⁺
As you require 26.0mL of the base to consume all HA, if you add 13mL, the moles of HA will be the half of the initial moles and, the other half, will be A⁻
That means:
[HA] = [A⁻]
It is possible to obtain pKa from H-H equation (Equation used to find pH of a buffer), thus:
pH = pKa + log₁₀ [A⁻] / [HA]
Replacing:
2.75 = pKa + log₁₀ [A⁻] / [HA]
As [HA] = [A⁻]
2.75 = pKa + log₁₀ 1
<h3>2.75 = pKa</h3>
Knowing pKa = -log Ka
2.75 = -log Ka
10^-2.75 = Ka
<h3>1.78x10⁻³ = Ka</h3>
b. As you can see, the initial concentration of the acid was not necessary. The only thing you must know is that in the half of the titration, [HA] = [A⁻]. Thus, the initial concentration of the acid doesn't affect the initial calculation.
Answer:
Mass and gravitational for e is not relart
