Question

5. A tank initially contains 20 lb of salt dissolved in 200-gallon of water. Starting at time t = 0, a solution containing 0.5 lb of salt per gallon enters the tank at a rate of 4 gallons per minute and the well-stirred solution is withdrawn at the same rate. (a) Find the amount(in lb) of salt Q in the solution as a function of t in minutes. (b) Find the time at which the amount of salt in the tank reaches 50 lb. (c) Find the quantity of salt in the solution as t + .

Answer 1

Answer:

(a) Amount of salt as a function of time

$A(t)=100-80e^{-0.02t}$

(b) The time at which the amount of salt in the tank reaches 50 lb is 23.5 minutes.

(c) The amount of salt when t approaches to +inf is 100 lb.

Step-by-step explanation:

The rate of change of the amount of salt can be written as

$\frac{dA}{dt} =rate\,in\,-\,rate\,out\\\\\frac{dA}{dt}=C_i*q_i-C_o*q_o=C_i*q_i-\frac{A(t)}{V}*q_o\\\\\frac{dA}{dt}=0.5*4-\frac{A(t)}{200}*4\\\\\frac{dA}{dt} =\frac{100-A(t)}{50}=-(\frac{A(t)-100}{50})$

Then we can rearrange and integrate

$\frac{dA}{dt}= -(\frac{A(t)-100}{50})\\\\\int \frac{dA}{A-100}=-\frac{1}{50} \int dt\\\\ln(A-100)=-\frac{t}{50}+C_0\\\\ A-100=Ce^{-0.02*t}\\\\\\A(0)=20 \rightarrow 20-100=Ce^0=C\\C=-80\\\\A=100-80e^{-0.02t}$

Then we have the model of A(t) like

$A(t)=100-80e^{-0.02t}$

(b) The time at which the amount of salt reaches 50 lb is

$A(t)=100-80e^{-0.02t}=50\\\\e^{-0.02t}=(50-100)/(-80)=0.625\\\\-0.02*t=ln(0.625)=-0.47\\\\t=(-0.47)/(-0.02)=23.5$

(c) When t approaches to +infinit, the term e^(-0.02t) approaches to zero, so the amount of salt in the solution approaches to 100 lb.