Well this is pretty simple. So the first thought is that the peanut butter would be 10$ and the jam would be 0.20$, however, the peanut butter would not be 10$ more. Instead, subtract the 10$ from the total, which gives you 0.20$, and then divide that by two. Now you have 0.10$ for each, along with another 10$ for the peanut butter. The peanut butter would be $10.10, and the jam would be 0.10$ (that's pretty cheap!).
In a division algorithm, refers to the dividend polynomial, refers to the divisor polynomial, refers to the quotient polynomial and refers to the residula polynomial.
The division algorithm is defined as
Where and , other wise the algorithm won't be defined.
So, the complete paragraph is: "if and are polynomial functions with and the degree of is less than or equal to the degree of , then there exist unique polynomial functions and such that .