Negative ion <span>occurs when an atom gains an electron (negative charge) it will have more electrons than protons.</span>
The correct answer is: Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
Chemiosmosis can be described as movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. It occurs during the cellular respiration within mitochondria and it is involved in ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation via ATP synthase).
Electrons from electron carriers (NADH and FADH) donate electrons to the electron transport chain and that causes changes in protein complexes of electron transport chain. As a consequence, protein complexes pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria.
H+ can only get back and pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane with the help of ATP synthase (down their electrochemical gradient). ATP synthase turned by the force of the H+ diffusing through it forms ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP.
A rainforest plant would be least affected by the loss of guard cell function that closes the stomata.
<h3>What is Guard Cells?</h3>
Guard cells are types of specialized plant cells present in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs that are used to control gas exchange.
They are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms the stomatal pore. They are kidney-shaped cells that surround stomata and control the opening and closing of stomata.
When there is an excess of water in the plant, the guard cells swell and form a hole for the exchange of gases.
Thus, a rainforest plant would be least affected by the loss of guard cell function that closes the stomata.
Learn more about Guard cells, here:
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That's true. There is little variety among organisms found in pools, pounds and lakes. Despite that fact that many ponds are seasonal, lasting just a couple of month (for exemple sessile pools) while lakes can exist for more than hundred years. Lakes and ponds have limited species diversity because they are often limited from each other and from other water sources like rivers, seas and oceans.
