Answer:
a. the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material it is passing though
Explanation:
When a light ray enters from one medium to another, it bends. This is because the speed of light decreases as it enters a medium having more optical density. The speed of light is maximum in vacuum.
The refractive index determines the optical density of a medium. It is the ratio of the speed of light in the vacuum (c) to the speed of light in the material it is passing through (v).

Answer:
Acceleration of the cart will be
Explanation:
We have given force F = 40 N
Mass of the cart = 20 kg
From newton's second law we know that force, mass and acceleration are related to each other
From second law of motion force on any object moving with acceleration a is given by
F = ma, here m is mass and a is acceleration
So 
Answer:t=5.07 s
Explanation:
Given
height of Building h=18 m
mass of Paint can 
mass of second can 
let T be the Tension in the rope
For 4 kg can

----1
For 3 kg can

----2
From 1 and 2



So time taken to cover 18 m is




Answer:
Polarizing angle, 
Given:
Critical angle, 
Solution:
Now, in Total Internal Reflection (TIR), the critical angle for cubic zirconia is given by:
(1)
where
= refractive index of zirconia
From eqn (1):


Now, the angle of polarization is given by:
tan
Therefore,

All of them except any planet means "Earth, Moon and the Sun"
so, option C is your answer.
Hope this helps!