Explanation:
Nepal moved from unitary system with a three-level federal system of government. As federalism accelerates, the national health system can also speed up its own decentralization process, reduce disparities in access, and improve health outcomes. The turn towards federalism creates several potential opportunities for the national healthcare system. This is because decision making has been devolved to the federal, provincial and local governments, and so they can make decisions that are more representative of their localised health needs. The major challenge during the transition phase is to ensure that there are uninterrupted supplies of medical commodities and services. This requires scaling up the ability of local bodies to manage drug procurement and general logistics and adequate human resource in local healthcare centres. This article documents the efforts made so far in context of health sector federalization and synthesizes the progress and challenges to date and potential ways forward. This paper is written at a time while it is critical to review the federalism initiatives and develop way forward. As Nepal progress towards the federalized health system, we propose that the challenges inherent with the transition are critically analysed and mitigated while unfolding the potential of federal health system.
Keywords: Challenges and Opportunities, Decentralization, Federalism, Health Reform, Health Sector, Nepal
Background
With the promulgation of its constitution in 2015, Nepal replaced a unitary government with a federal system of government.1 This process has made Nepal a federal democratic republic governed with three levels of government: a federal level, seven provinces and 753 local government.2 It also led to local elections in late 2017 for the first time in two decades, a landmark achievement signalling that federalism is being implemented.2 With the ongoing restructuring of the health system delivery, this article aims to synthesize the progress and challenges to date and potential ways forward based on the perspective of the federal government. The progress of federalization in Nepal is also considered in light of the experiences of other countries that have implemented federalism, and these remarks may be pertinent to progressively guide the management of the health sector federalization.
Current Situation in Nepal
During the last few decades, Nepal Government has made significant progress towards reducing maternal, under-five and infant mortality rates. During the same period, Nepal was able to halt and reverse the trends of tuberculosis
This could have a variety of impacts that this situation could have on the local market. Firstly, the introduction of a Chinese company would mean that there would more competition for the American solar power company which would then have to contend with the Chinese company for sales. They would then be in a race to bring the most affordable options to the consumers as well as new advances in the technology or greater service. This would mean that the consumers would benefit greatly from this situation as they would be getting better products and service for an affordable cost.
Also, both companies could have a working arrangement where they act as an oligopoly and dominate the solar power industry in that particular market. Although, more companies brings more competition, when there aren't a multiplicity of competitors, there is always the danger that the few businesses will band together and operate as one entity where they set specific prices, standards of service and technological advances introduced. They would only superficially be competing with each other. In this arrangement, the consumers would endure the same standard as having one entity dominating the market.
Another scenario would be where the American solar power company makes a superior product and as such would promote their products to the market as 'higher end' which would ensure they have a core and stable consumer base.
servering on jury not 100 % sure but thats all i know
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