Answer: c) the response results in an increase in the probability of an aversive or an appetitive event
Explanation:The word "positive" in "positive reinforcement" and "positive punishment" means that the response results in an increase in the probability of an aversive or an appetitive event.
Positive in positive reinforcement is a price or reward attached to an occurrence to strengthen a future occurrence.
Positive punishment is focus of reducing an unwanted behavior through presenting an unfavorable outcome
Answer:
It is considered as an <em>unanticipated problem.
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Explanation:
An unanticipated problem occurs when an investigation arises in a situation that was not considered in advance by the investigator.
In this investigation, which is a study with drugs, the risks rise, and an unforeseen event arises. Therefore the investigator must modify the informed consent, and the subjects must reaffirm the same to continue in the study.
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Monsoon winds, because climates that changes between winter and summer depends on how much the wind is driven.
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Secrets and plans on how and what military firepower the United States have, how much money are people actually paying for taxes, and maybe deliveries and distribution what is being shipped in and out of the United States