1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Katarina [22]
3 years ago
6

When an organism becomes infected with bacteria the immune system kicks in to help rid the body of the foreign organisms. Explai

n how the immune system is setup to help keep out, and rid it of foreign organisms by giving detailed descriptions of the 3 levels of the immune system. What are the key differences between communicable and non communicable disease. Give examples of each. Be very descriptive please!
Thank You so so much!
Please help when you see this.
Biology
1 answer:
Ainat [17]3 years ago
3 0

The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, orhumoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity. In humans, the blood–brain barrier, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid–brain barriers separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system, which protects the brain.

Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophageinfections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and invertebrates. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and thecomplement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms,[1] including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity createsimmunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.

Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.[2] Immunodeficiencyoccurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of agenetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast,autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.

The immune system protects organisms from infection with layered defenses of increasing specificity. In simple terms, physical barriers prevent pathogens such asbacteria and viruses from entering the organism. If a pathogen breaches these barriers, the innate immune system provides an immediate, but non-specific response. Innate immune systems are found in all plants and animals. If pathogens successfully evade the innate response, vertebrates possess a second layer of protection, theadaptive immune system, which is activated by the innate response. Here, the immune system adapts its response during an infection to improve its recognition of the pathogen. This improved response is then retained after the pathogen has been eliminated, in the form of an immunological memory, and allows the adaptive immune system to mount faster and stronger attacks each time this pathogen is encountered.


You might be interested in
Glycogen is highly branched. what advantage, if any, does this provide to an animal as compared to purely linear glucose polymer
djverab [1.8K]

The answer is ‘The number of available terminal glucose monomers is higher for glycogen, thus making glucose production more rapid.’ When glucagon is hydrolyzing glycogen, more glucose<span> molecules are released per hydrolyzing event unlike in a linear molecule that would release a glucose at a time. </span>






3 0
3 years ago
Importance of environment
larisa86 [58]

Answer:

The enviornment is important because its where animals interact with nature, materials, and how they live life. Messing with the environment can kill a whole species or even a whole forest. The environment is where animals make their habitat and improve their own homes. Without environments we would not be able to live because the food we need would end up dying or just moving to find another location to live. Without prey or predators, the environment in incomplete and there's a high chance we will overpopulate or just die.

5 0
3 years ago
Light and sound waves both carry energy. When light strikes an object, the colors seen are reflections of the visible light spec
Klio2033 [76]

A.

Sound absorption depends more on the thickness of a material than its color.

4 0
3 years ago
The roman numeral v indicates the ________ nerve.
yan [13]
Trigeminal nerve. R<span>esponsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.
Good luck and have a nice day.</span>
6 0
3 years ago
What is the significance of meiosis in regards to evolution within a species? (How does meiosis benefit the species)
Anna [14]
Meiosis benefits the species because it allows genetic variation so you don't look exactly like your mother or father.
4 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Wich of the following can combine in a cell to convert a lower-energy molecule into a higher-energy molecule
    5·1 answer
  • 20 POINTS ANY ANSWER GETS BRAINLIEST
    9·2 answers
  • A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely
    15·1 answer
  • An Asian elephant calf is larger and more mature than a robin chick or bear cub when
    12·1 answer
  • Explain why fossil evidence is consistent with the scientific theory of evolution.
    13·1 answer
  • Which of these is a learned adaption
    8·2 answers
  • In eukaryotes, DNA is organized into_________which considerably complicates DNA-protein interactions during gene regulation.
    7·1 answer
  • Elect all answer choices that are physical properties (more than 1)
    5·1 answer
  • 4. Lily is studying the core of Earth. Which sphere is she examining?
    14·2 answers
  • The prevailing westerlines blow to the west true or false
    13·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!