In general a description of the required inputs and outputs is established then encoded with the minimum variety necessary. The mapping of input bits to output bits can then produce an estimate of the minimum hardware or software components necessary to produce the desired control behaviour; for example, in a piece of computer software or computer hardware.
The cybernetician Frank George discussed the variety of teams competing in games like football or rugby to produce goals or tries. A winning chess player might be said to have more variety than his losing opponent. Here a simple ordering is implied. The attenuation and amplification of variety were major themes in Stafford Beer's work in management [5] (the profession of control, as he called it). The number of staff needed to answer telephones, control crowds or tend to patients are clear examples.
The application of natural and analogue signals to variety analysis require an estimate of Ashby's "powers of discrimination" (see above quote). Given the butterfly effect of dynamical systems care must be taken before quantitative measures can be produced. Small quantities, which might be overlooked, can have big effects. In his Designing Freedom Stafford Beer discusses the patient in a hospital with a temperature denoting fever.[8] Action must be taken immediately to isolate the patient. Here no amount of variety recording the patients' average temperature would detect this small signal which might have a big effect. Monitoring is required on individuals thus amplifying variety (see Algedonic alerts in the viable system model or VSM). Beer's work in management cybernetics and VSM is largely based on variety engineering.
Further applications involving Ashby's view of state counting include the analysis of digital bandwidth requirements, redundancy and software bloat, the bit representation of data types and indexes, analogue to digital conversion, the bounds on finite state machines and data compression. See also, e.g., Excited state, State (computer science), State pattern, State (controls) and Cellular automaton. Requisite Variety can be seen in Chaitin's Algorithmic information theory where a longer, higher variety program or finite state machine produces incompressible output with more variety or information content.
In 2009[9] James Lovelock suggested burning and burying carbonized agricultural waste to sequester carbon. A variety calculation requires estimates of global annual agricultural waste production, burial and pyrolysis efficiency to estimate the mass of carbon thus sequestered from the atmosphere.
It consists of a relief fund
An arraignment is a criminal proceeding where the defendant is called before a judge in a court, informed of the charges (either in writing or orally, but usually just in writing) and asked to enter a plea of not guilty, guilty or no contest.
Answer:
I. Offer.
II. Acceptance.
III. Legal object.
Explanation:
A contract can be defined as an agreement between two or more parties (group of people) which gives rise to a mutual legal obligation or enforceable by law.
Also, mutual assent is a legal term which represents an agreement by both parties to a contract. When two parties to a contract both have an understanding of the parameters, terms and conditions surrounding a contract, it ultimately implies that they are in agreement; this is generally referred to as mutual assent.
I. In this scenario, Joe Smith is a potential buyer. His real estate agent helps him complete the contract and he signs it. It is delivered to the seller. This is an example of an offer.
An offer simply depicts the willingness of a party to contract based on certain terms and conditions which shall become binding on the other party to the contract as soon as he or she consents.
II. In this scenario, Joe Smith is a potential buyer. His real estate agent helps him complete the contract and he signs it. It is delivered to the seller Jane Doe. Jane Doe completes the box that says "Accepted" on page 9 and signs. Thus, this is an example of an acceptance.
An acceptance depicts an agreement to the terms and conditions of a particular thing.
III. In this scenario, Joe Smith and Jane Smith have both signed this contract. Line 33 of the contract ("PRICE") was completed so that it reads One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000). Thus, this provision is an example of a legal object.
A legal object is simply anything that has value and as such gives legal rights to the subject (owner).
