The buffer systems functioning in blood plasma include plasma proteins, phosphate, and bicarbonate and carbonic acid buffers. The kidneys help control acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and generating bicarbonate that helps maintain blood plasma pH within a normal range.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Negative nitrogen balance
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that in this scenario it is clear that the client is in a state of Negative nitrogen balance. This means that the individual is excreting more nitrogen than what the amount of nitrogen that the body is ingesting. This happens in many scenarios such as  serious tissue injuries, fevers, hyperthyroidism, decubitus ulcer with drainage, etc.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Cell, the smallest unit that can exist independently
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
why would scientists conduct investigations on a newly discovered alternative fuel?
to confirm that the alternative fuel is cleaner than fuels currently used
Explanation:
As an alternative fuel, it must be validated whether it is better than the one currently in use